Jumat, 15 November 2013
Selasa, 04 Januari 2011
TATA CARA PERENCANAAN LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN DI PERKOTAAN SNI 03-1733-2004
RUANG LINGKUP :
Standar ini menetapkan Tata cara perencanaan lingkungan perumahan di perkotaan, yang meliputi ketentuan umum untuk perencanaan sarana lingkungan; sarana hunian, sarana pendidikan, sarana kesehatan, sarana dagang dan niaga, sarana pemerintahan dan pelayanan umum, sarana budaya dan rekreasi, sarana peribadatan, sarana ruang
terbuka dan olahraga dan ketentuan umum untuk perencanaan prasarana dan utilitas lingkungan yang meliputi jaringan jalan, jaringan drainase, jaringan air bersih, jaringan air limbah, jaringan sampah, jaringan listrik, jaringan telepon, serta jaringan transportasi lokal.
RINGKASAN :
Standar ini adalah revisi dari SNI 03-1733-1989, merupakan model untuk: menetapkan sistem perencanaan yang memudahkan proses pembangunan perumahan dan permukiman khususnya di lingkungan baru dan area terbangun perkotaan; dan mengembangkan kode/standar/pedoman perencanaan baik di tingkat Pusat, dan khususnya di Provinsi dan Daerah (Kota/Kabupaten).
Perkotaan adalah satuan permukiman bukan pedesaan yang berperan di dalam satuan wilayah pengembangan dan atau wilayah nasional sebagai simpul jasa, menurut pengamatan tertentu pemerintahan, pelayanan sosial, dan kegiatan ekonomi.
Perencanaan lingkungan perumahan harus memberikan kemudahan bagi semua orang, termasuk yang memiliki ketidakmampuan fisik atau mental seperti para penyandang cacat, lansia, dan ibu hamil, penderita penyakit tertentu atas dasar pemenuhan asas aksesibilitas (sesuai dengan Kepmen No. 468/ Tahun. 1998), yaitu:
1) Kemudahan, yaitu setiap orang dapat mencapai semua tempat atau bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan.
2) Kegunaan, yaitu setiap orang harus dapat mempergunakan semua tempat atau bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan.
3) Keselamatan, yaitu setiap bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan terbangun, harus memperhatikan keselamatan bagi semua orang. dan
4) Kemandirian, yaitu setiap orang harus dapat mencapai, masuk dan mempergunakan semua tempat atau bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan dengan tanpa membutuhkan bantuan orang lain.
Dalam merencanakan kebutuhan lahan untuk sarana lingkungan, didasarkan pada beberapa ketentuan khusus, yaitu:
1) Besaran standar ini direncanakan untuk kawasan dengan kepadatan penduduk <200 jiwa/ha. 2) Untuk mengatasi kesulitan mendapatkan lahan, beberapa sarana dapat dibangun secara bergabung dalam satu lokasi atau bangunan dengan tidak mengurangi kualitas lingkungan secara menyeluruh. 3) Untuk kawasan yang berkepadatan >200 jiwa/ha diberikan reduksi 15-30% terhadap persyaratan kebutuhan lahan; dan
4) Perencanaan prasarana lingkungan, utilitas umum dan sarana lingkungan harus direncanakan secara terpadu dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan prasarana dan sarana yang telah ada dengan tidak mengurangi kualitas dan kuantitas secara menyeluruh.
Standar ini menetapkan Tata cara perencanaan lingkungan perumahan di perkotaan, yang meliputi ketentuan umum untuk perencanaan sarana lingkungan; sarana hunian, sarana pendidikan, sarana kesehatan, sarana dagang dan niaga, sarana pemerintahan dan pelayanan umum, sarana budaya dan rekreasi, sarana peribadatan, sarana ruang
terbuka dan olahraga dan ketentuan umum untuk perencanaan prasarana dan utilitas lingkungan yang meliputi jaringan jalan, jaringan drainase, jaringan air bersih, jaringan air limbah, jaringan sampah, jaringan listrik, jaringan telepon, serta jaringan transportasi lokal.
RINGKASAN :
Standar ini adalah revisi dari SNI 03-1733-1989, merupakan model untuk: menetapkan sistem perencanaan yang memudahkan proses pembangunan perumahan dan permukiman khususnya di lingkungan baru dan area terbangun perkotaan; dan mengembangkan kode/standar/pedoman perencanaan baik di tingkat Pusat, dan khususnya di Provinsi dan Daerah (Kota/Kabupaten).
Perkotaan adalah satuan permukiman bukan pedesaan yang berperan di dalam satuan wilayah pengembangan dan atau wilayah nasional sebagai simpul jasa, menurut pengamatan tertentu pemerintahan, pelayanan sosial, dan kegiatan ekonomi.
Perencanaan lingkungan perumahan harus memberikan kemudahan bagi semua orang, termasuk yang memiliki ketidakmampuan fisik atau mental seperti para penyandang cacat, lansia, dan ibu hamil, penderita penyakit tertentu atas dasar pemenuhan asas aksesibilitas (sesuai dengan Kepmen No. 468/ Tahun. 1998), yaitu:
1) Kemudahan, yaitu setiap orang dapat mencapai semua tempat atau bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan.
2) Kegunaan, yaitu setiap orang harus dapat mempergunakan semua tempat atau bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan.
3) Keselamatan, yaitu setiap bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan terbangun, harus memperhatikan keselamatan bagi semua orang. dan
4) Kemandirian, yaitu setiap orang harus dapat mencapai, masuk dan mempergunakan semua tempat atau bangunan yang bersifat umum dalam suatu lingkungan dengan tanpa membutuhkan bantuan orang lain.
Dalam merencanakan kebutuhan lahan untuk sarana lingkungan, didasarkan pada beberapa ketentuan khusus, yaitu:
1) Besaran standar ini direncanakan untuk kawasan dengan kepadatan penduduk <200 jiwa/ha. 2) Untuk mengatasi kesulitan mendapatkan lahan, beberapa sarana dapat dibangun secara bergabung dalam satu lokasi atau bangunan dengan tidak mengurangi kualitas lingkungan secara menyeluruh. 3) Untuk kawasan yang berkepadatan >200 jiwa/ha diberikan reduksi 15-30% terhadap persyaratan kebutuhan lahan; dan
4) Perencanaan prasarana lingkungan, utilitas umum dan sarana lingkungan harus direncanakan secara terpadu dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan prasarana dan sarana yang telah ada dengan tidak mengurangi kualitas dan kuantitas secara menyeluruh.
TATA CARA PERENCANAAN TANGKI SEPTIK DENGAN SISTEM RESAPAN SNI : 03-2398-2002
Ruang lingkup:
Standar ini meliputi Tata cara perencanaan tangki septik dengan sistem resapan yang memuat persyaratan tangki septik dan sistem resapan yang berlaku bagi pembuangan air limbah rumah tangga untuk daerah air tanah rendah dan jumlah pemakai maksimal 10 Kepala Keluarga ( 1 KK = 5 Jiwa).
Dalam lampiran di sajikan contoh perhitungan untuk tangki septik dengan bidang resapan sistem tercampur dan terpisah.
Ringkasan
Tata cara perencanaan tangki septik dengan Sistem resapan . dimaksudkan sebagai acuan dan masukan bagi perencana dalam prosedure pembangun tangki septik dengan sistem resapan dengan ukuran dan batasan untuk menentukan kebutuhan minimum fasilitas tangki septik dengan sistem resapan pada kawasan permukiman.
Tata cara ini merupakan revisi SNI 03-2398-1991 (Tata cara Perencanaan Tangki Septik), yang direvisi atau ditambah dengan persyaratan teknis ukuran tangki septik dan jarak minimum terhadap bangunan.
Persyaratan teknis meliputi bahan bangunan harus kuat, tahan terhadap asam dan kedap air; bahan bangunan dapat dipilih untuk bangunan dasar. Penutup dan pipa penyalur air limbah adalah batu kali, bata merah, batako, beton bertulang, beton tanpa tulang, PVC, keramik ,plat besi, plastik dan besi.
Bentuk dan ukuran tangki septik disesuaikandengan Q jumlah pemakai, dan waktu pengurasan. Untuk ukuran kecil (1 kk) dapat berbentuk bulat Q 1,20 m dan tinggi 1,5 m.
Ukuran tangki septik sistem tercampur dengan periode pengurasan 3 tahun (untuk 1 KK , ruang basah 1,2 m3, ruang lumpur 0,45 m3, ruang ambang bebas 0,4 m3 dengan Panjang 1,6 m, Lebar 0,8m dan Tinggi 1,6 m) dan sistem terpisah dengan periode pengurasan 3 tahun (untuk 2 KK , ruang basah 0,4 m3, ruang lumpur 0,9m3, ruang ambang bebas 0,3 m3 dengan Panjang 1,6 m, Lebar 0,8m dan Tinggi 1,3 m).
Pipa penyalur air limbah dari PVC, keramik atau beton yang berada diluar bangunan harus kedap air, kemiringan minimum 2 %, belokan lebih besar 45 % dipasang clean out atau pengontrol pipa dan belokan 90 % sebaiknya dihindari atau dengan dua kali belokan atau memakai bak kontrol.
Dilengkapi dengan pipa aliran masuk dan keluar, pipa aliran masuk dan keluar dapat berupa sambungan T atau sekat, pipa aliran keluar harus ditekan (5 - 10 )cm lebih rendah dari pipa aliran masuk . Pipa udara diameter 50 mm (2") dan tinggi minimal 25 cm dari permukaan tanah.
Lubang pemeriksa untuk keperluan pengurasan dan keperluan lainnya. Tangki dapat dibuat dengan dua ruang dengan panjang tangki ruang pertama 2/3 bagian dan ruang kedua 1/3 bagian.
Jarak tangki septik dan bidang resapan ke bangunan = 1,5 m, ke sumur air bersih = 10 m dan Sumur resapan air hujan 5 m.
Tangki dengan bidang resapan lebih dari 1 jalur, perlu dilengkapi dengan kotak distribusi.
Standar ini meliputi Tata cara perencanaan tangki septik dengan sistem resapan yang memuat persyaratan tangki septik dan sistem resapan yang berlaku bagi pembuangan air limbah rumah tangga untuk daerah air tanah rendah dan jumlah pemakai maksimal 10 Kepala Keluarga ( 1 KK = 5 Jiwa).
Dalam lampiran di sajikan contoh perhitungan untuk tangki septik dengan bidang resapan sistem tercampur dan terpisah.
Ringkasan
Tata cara perencanaan tangki septik dengan Sistem resapan . dimaksudkan sebagai acuan dan masukan bagi perencana dalam prosedure pembangun tangki septik dengan sistem resapan dengan ukuran dan batasan untuk menentukan kebutuhan minimum fasilitas tangki septik dengan sistem resapan pada kawasan permukiman.
Tata cara ini merupakan revisi SNI 03-2398-1991 (Tata cara Perencanaan Tangki Septik), yang direvisi atau ditambah dengan persyaratan teknis ukuran tangki septik dan jarak minimum terhadap bangunan.
Persyaratan teknis meliputi bahan bangunan harus kuat, tahan terhadap asam dan kedap air; bahan bangunan dapat dipilih untuk bangunan dasar. Penutup dan pipa penyalur air limbah adalah batu kali, bata merah, batako, beton bertulang, beton tanpa tulang, PVC, keramik ,plat besi, plastik dan besi.
Bentuk dan ukuran tangki septik disesuaikandengan Q jumlah pemakai, dan waktu pengurasan. Untuk ukuran kecil (1 kk) dapat berbentuk bulat Q 1,20 m dan tinggi 1,5 m.
Ukuran tangki septik sistem tercampur dengan periode pengurasan 3 tahun (untuk 1 KK , ruang basah 1,2 m3, ruang lumpur 0,45 m3, ruang ambang bebas 0,4 m3 dengan Panjang 1,6 m, Lebar 0,8m dan Tinggi 1,6 m) dan sistem terpisah dengan periode pengurasan 3 tahun (untuk 2 KK , ruang basah 0,4 m3, ruang lumpur 0,9m3, ruang ambang bebas 0,3 m3 dengan Panjang 1,6 m, Lebar 0,8m dan Tinggi 1,3 m).
Pipa penyalur air limbah dari PVC, keramik atau beton yang berada diluar bangunan harus kedap air, kemiringan minimum 2 %, belokan lebih besar 45 % dipasang clean out atau pengontrol pipa dan belokan 90 % sebaiknya dihindari atau dengan dua kali belokan atau memakai bak kontrol.
Dilengkapi dengan pipa aliran masuk dan keluar, pipa aliran masuk dan keluar dapat berupa sambungan T atau sekat, pipa aliran keluar harus ditekan (5 - 10 )cm lebih rendah dari pipa aliran masuk . Pipa udara diameter 50 mm (2") dan tinggi minimal 25 cm dari permukaan tanah.
Lubang pemeriksa untuk keperluan pengurasan dan keperluan lainnya. Tangki dapat dibuat dengan dua ruang dengan panjang tangki ruang pertama 2/3 bagian dan ruang kedua 1/3 bagian.
Jarak tangki septik dan bidang resapan ke bangunan = 1,5 m, ke sumur air bersih = 10 m dan Sumur resapan air hujan 5 m.
Tangki dengan bidang resapan lebih dari 1 jalur, perlu dilengkapi dengan kotak distribusi.
SPESIFIKASI UKURAN KUSEN PINTU KAYU, KUSEN JENDELA KAYU, DAUN PINTU KAYU DAN DAUN JENDELA KAYU UNTUK BANGUNAN RUMAH DAN GEDUNG Menurut SNI 03-0675-1989
RUANG LINGKUP :
Spesifikasi ini memberikan ketentuan dasar dalam merencanakan kusen pintu, kusen jendela, daun) pintu, dan daun jendela serta memuat ukuran-ukuran kayu yang terpilih untuk kusen.
RINGKASAN :
Persyaratan Ukuran bukaan dinding untuk kusen pintu : harus sesuai dengan ketentuan
koordinasi modular, seperti berikut ;
• Ukuran untuk daun pintu tunggal (mm) : (2000,2100,2400) x (800,900, 1200)
• Ukuran untuk dua daun pintu berbeda (mm) : (2000,2100, 2400) x(1200, 1500)
• Ukuran untuk daun pintu ganda (mm) : (2000, 2100,2400)x (1500,1800, 2100, 2400)
• Ukuran bukaan dinding untuk jendela harus sesuai dengan koordinasi modular, seperti :
(2400,2100, 2000, 1800, 1500, 1200, 900, 600, 400) x (600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, 2400 ) dalam mm.
• Dasar perhitungan ukuran kusen pintu dan jendela harus sesuai dengan Spesifikasi berikut:
Ukuran kayu untuk kusen pintu seperti: 60 x (100, 120, 130, 150); 80 x (100, 120, 150) dan 100 x (120, 150) dalam mm.
• Ukuran kayu untuk kusen jendela : 60 x (100,120, 130, 150 ); 80 x (100, 120, 150) dan 100 x (120, 150) dalam mm
Ukuran tinggi bag. Dalam kusen pintu dihitung dengan :
Tkp = Tbp - tk - Sk
dimana, Tkp = tinggi kusen bag. Dalam, Tbp = tinggi bukaan dinding, tk = tebal kayu dikurangi 2 mm – 5 mm, Sk = tinggi sepatu kusen.
Ukuran tinggi bagian dalam kusen jendela dihitung dengan :
Tkj = Tbj - 2 tk
dimana, Tkj = tinggi kusen bag. Dalam, Tbj = tinggi bukaan dinding, tk = tebal kayu.
Ukuran lebar bag. dalam kusen pintu dan jendela :
Lkp = Lbp - 2 tk
dimana, Lkp/Lbp = lebar bag. Dalam kusen pintu atau jendela, Lbp = lebar bukaan.
Dasar perhitungan ukuran daun pintu dan jendela.
Ukuran tinggi daun pintu ditentukan dengan :
Tdp = Tkp + Sk + S
dimana, Tdp = tinggi pintu, Tkp = tinggi kusen bag. dalam, Sk = sepatu kusen dan S =
sponing = 10 mm -15 mm.
Ukuran lebar daun pintu dan jendela ditentukan dengan : Ldp = Lkp + 2S
dimana, Ldp/Ldj = lebar pintu atau Jendela, Lkp = tinggi kusen bag. Dalam, dan S = sponing =10 mm -15 mm.
Ukuran tinggi daun jendela ditentukan dengan :
Tdj = TLkj + 2S
Dimana, Tdj = tinggi daun jendela, Tkj = tinggi kusen jendela, dan S = sponing.
Spesifikasi ini memberikan ketentuan dasar dalam merencanakan kusen pintu, kusen jendela, daun) pintu, dan daun jendela serta memuat ukuran-ukuran kayu yang terpilih untuk kusen.
RINGKASAN :
Persyaratan Ukuran bukaan dinding untuk kusen pintu : harus sesuai dengan ketentuan
koordinasi modular, seperti berikut ;
• Ukuran untuk daun pintu tunggal (mm) : (2000,2100,2400) x (800,900, 1200)
• Ukuran untuk dua daun pintu berbeda (mm) : (2000,2100, 2400) x(1200, 1500)
• Ukuran untuk daun pintu ganda (mm) : (2000, 2100,2400)x (1500,1800, 2100, 2400)
• Ukuran bukaan dinding untuk jendela harus sesuai dengan koordinasi modular, seperti :
(2400,2100, 2000, 1800, 1500, 1200, 900, 600, 400) x (600, 900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, 2400 ) dalam mm.
• Dasar perhitungan ukuran kusen pintu dan jendela harus sesuai dengan Spesifikasi berikut:
Ukuran kayu untuk kusen pintu seperti: 60 x (100, 120, 130, 150); 80 x (100, 120, 150) dan 100 x (120, 150) dalam mm.
• Ukuran kayu untuk kusen jendela : 60 x (100,120, 130, 150 ); 80 x (100, 120, 150) dan 100 x (120, 150) dalam mm
Ukuran tinggi bag. Dalam kusen pintu dihitung dengan :
Tkp = Tbp - tk - Sk
dimana, Tkp = tinggi kusen bag. Dalam, Tbp = tinggi bukaan dinding, tk = tebal kayu dikurangi 2 mm – 5 mm, Sk = tinggi sepatu kusen.
Ukuran tinggi bagian dalam kusen jendela dihitung dengan :
Tkj = Tbj - 2 tk
dimana, Tkj = tinggi kusen bag. Dalam, Tbj = tinggi bukaan dinding, tk = tebal kayu.
Ukuran lebar bag. dalam kusen pintu dan jendela :
Lkp = Lbp - 2 tk
dimana, Lkp/Lbp = lebar bag. Dalam kusen pintu atau jendela, Lbp = lebar bukaan.
Dasar perhitungan ukuran daun pintu dan jendela.
Ukuran tinggi daun pintu ditentukan dengan :
Tdp = Tkp + Sk + S
dimana, Tdp = tinggi pintu, Tkp = tinggi kusen bag. dalam, Sk = sepatu kusen dan S =
sponing = 10 mm -15 mm.
Ukuran lebar daun pintu dan jendela ditentukan dengan : Ldp = Lkp + 2S
dimana, Ldp/Ldj = lebar pintu atau Jendela, Lkp = tinggi kusen bag. Dalam, dan S = sponing =10 mm -15 mm.
Ukuran tinggi daun jendela ditentukan dengan :
Tdj = TLkj + 2S
Dimana, Tdj = tinggi daun jendela, Tkj = tinggi kusen jendela, dan S = sponing.
Spesifikasi Bronjong Kawat Menurut SNI 03-0090-1999
RUANG LINGKUP
Standar ini menetapkan dimensi bronjong kawat dan persyaratan bahan baku, syarat
mutu, pengambilan contoh, cara uji, syarat lulus uji, pengemasan dan syarat penandaan bronjong kawat.
RINGKASAN
Bronjong kawat adalah kotak yang terbuat dari anyaman kawat baja berlapis seng yang pada penggunaannya diisi batu-batu untuk pencegah erosi yang dipasang pada tebingtebing, tepi-tepi sungai, yang proses penganyamannya menggunakan mesin.
Acuannya adalah SNI 03-0090-1987 tentang Mutu dan Cara Uji Bronjong dan Kawat Bronjong, dan syarat bahan baku mengacu pada SNI 03-6154-1999 tentang Kawat Bronjong.
Sifat tampak bronjong kawat harus kokoh, bentuk anyaman heksagonal dengan lilitan ganda dan berjarak maksimum 40 mm serta harus simetri. Lilitan harus erat, tidak terjadi kerenggangan hubungan antara kawat sisi dan kawat anyaman dililit minimum 3 kali sehingga kawat mampu menahan beban dari segala jurusan.
Bentuk dan ukuran bronjong kawat adalah bentuk I, ukuran anyamannya 80 mm x 100 mm atau 100 mm x 120 mm dengan ø kawat anyaman 2,70 mm atau 3,00 mm, kawat sisi ø 3,40 mm atau 4,00 mm, kawat pengikat ø 2 mm. Toleransi ukuran kotak (panjang, lebar, tinggi) sebesar 5%.
Bronjong kawat bentuk II, ukuran anyamannya 60 mm x 80 mm, diameter kawat anyaman 2 mm, kawat sisi ø 2,70 mm, kawat pengikat ø 2 mm. Untuk ukuran anyaman 80 cm x 100 cm, diameter kawat anyaman 2,7 mm, kawat sisi ø 3,40 mm dan kawat ikat ø 2 mm. Toleransi ukuran kotak (panjang, tinggi, lebar) sebesar 5%.
BENTUK I (meter)
Panjang(a)Lebar(b)Tinggi(c)
2 1 0,5
3 1 0,5
4 1 0,5
3 1,5 0,5
2 1 0,5
3 1 0,5
4 1 0,5
Catatan :
- Ukuran anyaman yang umum digunakan di Indonesia adalah anyaman 80 x 100 mm -Berdasarkan surat dari Pusat Standarisasi dan Akreditasi Deperindag RI, tanggal 26 Mei 2003 No.220/SJ.7/2003 menyatakan bahwa ASTM A975-97 tidak setara dengan SNI 03-0090-1999 dan tidak ditetapkan di Indonesia karena mempunyai perbedaan dalam hal bentuk dan dimensi ukuran anyaman bronjong.
Standar ini menetapkan dimensi bronjong kawat dan persyaratan bahan baku, syarat
mutu, pengambilan contoh, cara uji, syarat lulus uji, pengemasan dan syarat penandaan bronjong kawat.
RINGKASAN
Bronjong kawat adalah kotak yang terbuat dari anyaman kawat baja berlapis seng yang pada penggunaannya diisi batu-batu untuk pencegah erosi yang dipasang pada tebingtebing, tepi-tepi sungai, yang proses penganyamannya menggunakan mesin.
Acuannya adalah SNI 03-0090-1987 tentang Mutu dan Cara Uji Bronjong dan Kawat Bronjong, dan syarat bahan baku mengacu pada SNI 03-6154-1999 tentang Kawat Bronjong.
Sifat tampak bronjong kawat harus kokoh, bentuk anyaman heksagonal dengan lilitan ganda dan berjarak maksimum 40 mm serta harus simetri. Lilitan harus erat, tidak terjadi kerenggangan hubungan antara kawat sisi dan kawat anyaman dililit minimum 3 kali sehingga kawat mampu menahan beban dari segala jurusan.
Bentuk dan ukuran bronjong kawat adalah bentuk I, ukuran anyamannya 80 mm x 100 mm atau 100 mm x 120 mm dengan ø kawat anyaman 2,70 mm atau 3,00 mm, kawat sisi ø 3,40 mm atau 4,00 mm, kawat pengikat ø 2 mm. Toleransi ukuran kotak (panjang, lebar, tinggi) sebesar 5%.
Bronjong kawat bentuk II, ukuran anyamannya 60 mm x 80 mm, diameter kawat anyaman 2 mm, kawat sisi ø 2,70 mm, kawat pengikat ø 2 mm. Untuk ukuran anyaman 80 cm x 100 cm, diameter kawat anyaman 2,7 mm, kawat sisi ø 3,40 mm dan kawat ikat ø 2 mm. Toleransi ukuran kotak (panjang, tinggi, lebar) sebesar 5%.
BENTUK I (meter)
Panjang(a)Lebar(b)Tinggi(c)
2 1 0,5
3 1 0,5
4 1 0,5
3 1,5 0,5
2 1 0,5
3 1 0,5
4 1 0,5
Catatan :
- Ukuran anyaman yang umum digunakan di Indonesia adalah anyaman 80 x 100 mm -Berdasarkan surat dari Pusat Standarisasi dan Akreditasi Deperindag RI, tanggal 26 Mei 2003 No.220/SJ.7/2003 menyatakan bahwa ASTM A975-97 tidak setara dengan SNI 03-0090-1999 dan tidak ditetapkan di Indonesia karena mempunyai perbedaan dalam hal bentuk dan dimensi ukuran anyaman bronjong.
BRITISH STANDARD BS 648:1964
Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1
and 2
Schedule of
Weights of building
materials
UDC 691:624.045
BS 648:1964
This British Standard, having
been approved by the Building
Divisional Council, was
published under the authority
of the General Council on
31 December, 1964
© BSI 10-1999
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/19
Draft for comment D63/9318
ISBN 0 580 00808 8
Co-operating organizations
The committee responsible for the preparation of this British Standard
includes representatives from the following organizations:
Association of Municipal Corporations
D.S.I.R. — Building Research Station
District Surveyors Association
Institution of Municipal Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
National Federation of Building Trades Employers
Royal Institute of British Architects
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
105 October 1968
344 October 1969 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 i
Contents
Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Schedule 1
Appendix A Wire and sheet gauges 33
Index 36
BS 648:1964
ii © BSI 10-1999
Foreword
The title of this standard should not be taken to imply that all of the materials
quoted are necessarily used solely or even principally in building.
This schedule was first published in 1935 as an attempt to provide a solution to
the problems which had arisen through structural and other calculations being
based on different data for the weights of materials concerned. The 1949 revision
was undertaken with a view to making the information more complete by the
inclusion of certain extra materials, together with such changes in the data as
had been found to be necessary.
The present revision continues this process of improvement and development. It
contains additional new materials which have since come into use for building
purposes and amends the weights of many other materials in the light of
up-to-date information. Some materials have been introduced into the standard
which will not be present as such in a completed building but a knowledge of
whose weights is important for calculations both prior to and during the course of
execution of the works. Weights of blockwork, brickwork and stonework have,
however, been given in preference to weights of blocks, bricks and stone, as likely
to be more helpful to users in view of the main purpose of this standard. At the
same time the opportunity has been taken of including in the schedule much of
the supplementary information previously given in an appendix.
It has not been found possible to include weights for the many different forms of
composite construction coming into use, many of which are still in process of
development and capable of many variations and combinations; weights of as
many individual component materials as were feasible have, however, been
given, from which it is hoped that users will be able to derive any composite
weights required. The committee was aware, nevertheless, of certain integrally
composite materials, which are difficult to describe generically, mainly
specialized products of individual manufacturers and which it was felt to be
inadvisable to attempt to cover in a standard schedule.
The data has been recast under each alphabetically arranged main heading,
through subsidiary headings of diminishing order. The main headings generally
denote materials; however, some denote functions, where it is felt that these will
be more helpful to the reader. The alphabetical arrangement of main headings
has been perpetuated; but it has not been found possible to favour one system
universally for the sub-headings where commonness of useage has in many
instances been felt likely to be more useful; whilst dimensional criteria have been
applied to headings of lesser orders. The former column headings and rulings
have been eliminated as superflous.
The object of the schedule is to standardize the data employed in calculations
rather than to provide more exact data for this purpose. The “standard” weight of
a material, as given in the schedule, is not necessarily the mean between the
extreme weights, but a fair average value and may be regarded as sufficiently
accurate for general purposes in calculating dead loads in building work. In cases
where extreme accuracy is required the actual material to be employed should be
weighed and the most adverse conditions of use taken into account.
Wherever possible, a standard weight has been quoted, but in many instances it
has been necessary to include tolerances on each side of this figure. There were
some cases where, owing to many different densities being produced, often for as
many different purposes of equal importance, it was not possible to choose a
single notional figure of any particular significance to which tolerances might be
applied, and here a range has been given instead.
The committee having in mind the foregoing practical considerations, no weight
has been given to more than one decimal place. The use of decimals has been
standardized in preference to fractions, for dimensions as well as for weights.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 iii
Where maximum and minimum weights are given in this schedule they represent
the extremes of the samples investigated and afford some indication of the
variations in weights which may be encountered. They should not be taken as the
absolute maximum or minimum weights of the material in question.
In preparing this schedule every care has been exercised to ensure that the
standard weights represent average materials of normal composition or structure
and, where described as “as laid”, fixed in the usual manner. In general, weights
of appropriate materials relate to a moisture content state of the material when
in approximate equilibrium with the exterior atmosphere.
The references to other British Standards given in brackets in the schedule are
intended for identification only and are not to be taken to imply that the weights
have been derived from the British Standard quoted. Where the standard for the
material specifies weights, however, the figures in the schedule have in general
been based upon them.
Notwithstanding the fact that the Fifth Edition of the Standard Method of
Measurement of Building Works, which was published during the preparation of
the present schedule specifies the yard rather than the foot as the unit of
measurement in most Sections, this present schedule standardizes the use of the
foot as being most generally useful. The quotation of a 1-inch unit of thickness
has, however, been adhered to in general except where a material is normally
made principally in much lesser thicknesses.
To help overcome confusion arising from the custom of different industries using
different series of thickness gauges (i.e. Birmingham, English Zinc, and Standard
Wire) and for the sake of uniformity, the thicknesses in decimals of an inch have
been given first in the schedule followed in parentheses by the customary gauge
appropriate to the particular material. Only a few typical thicknesses used in
building have been given for each material, but the weights of other gauges may
be derived by proportional calculations using the decimal inch equivalents from
the tables given in Appendix A.
Where thicknesses of material greater than 1 in are customarily employed but the
weights are non-proportional, then the weights of a selection of representative
thicknesses have been given.
Some materials are produced in a wide range of sizes, often not solely for building
purposes and here, in order to keep the amount of space occupied within
reasonable bounds, an attempt has been made to limit the information to
representative sizes and, wherever possible, to those most commonly used in
building. The space formerly occupied by listing many sizes of some materials has
been reduced and information on other entirely different materials substituted to
take its place and so increase the general usefulness of the standard.
NOTE 1 This standard was prepared in imperial units from which the metric values were derived.
Both sets of values are of the same order of accuracy.
NOTE 2 The data given in the standard are in units of mass either per unit length, or per unit area,
or per unit volume. For most purposes of structural calculation in SI units the forces in newtons
imposed by the dead loads of the materials may be obtained by multiplying by 10 (strictly 9.80665) the
values given in kilogrammes in the schedule. The degree of approximation implied by this is
commensurate with that already indicated in the data given in the schedule, for the reasons explained
in the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
iv © BSI 10-1999
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 43 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 1
Schedule
Aggregates
Coarse
Normal weight, e.g. natural
aggregates 90 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 442 ± 160 kg/m3)
Lightweight, e.g. clinker,
foamed slag, expanded
clay and sintered
pulverized-fuel ash 20 – 50 lb/ft3 (320.4 – 800.9 kg/m3)
Heavyweight, e.g. barytes,
magnetite and ilmenite 145 ± 5 lb/ft3 (2 323 ± 80 kg/m3)
Steel shot 260 ± 10 lb/ft3 (4 245 ± 80 kg/m3)
Fine
Normal weight, e.g. sand 100 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 602 ± 160 kg/m3)
Lightweight, e.g. clinker,
foamed slag, expanded
clay and sintered
pulverized-fuel ash 35 – 65 lb/ft3 (560.6 – 1 041 kg/m3)
Heavyweight, e.g. barytes,
magnetite and ilmenite 155 ± 5 lb/ft3 (2 483 ± 80 kg/m3)
Steel shot 260 ± 10 lb/ft3 (4 165 ± 160 kg/m3)
Combined (“all-in” ballast) 125 ± 5 lb/ft3 (2 002 ± 80 kg/m3)
Aluminium
Cast 173 lb/ft3 (2 771 kg/m3)
Wrought forms
Sheet
Flat 0.048 in (18 SWG) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.028 in (22 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
Corrugated (BS 2855)
(including 20 per cent added
weight for laps “as laid”)
0.048 in (18 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.028 in (22 SWG) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Other wrought forms 173 lb/ft3 (2 771 kg/m3)
Asbestos
Felt per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Fibres, sprayed (including binder) 5–15 lb/ft3 (80–240 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
2 © BSI 10-1999
Asbestos cement
Sheeting
Flat 0.25 in (6.4 mm)
Wallboard 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
Semi-compressed 2.3 lb/ft2 (11.2 kg/m2)
Fully-compressed 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
Corrugated
(including 10 per cent added weight for laps)
Corrugations 2.875 in (73.0 mm)
pitch (BS 690) 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
Corrugations 5.75 in (146.1 mm)
pitch (BS 690) 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
3.5 in (88.9 mm) corrugations,
15 in (381.0 mm) pitch
(BS 690) 4.5 lb/ft2 (21.9 kg/m2)
Asphalt
Roofing 2 layers, 0.75 in
(19.1 mm) (BS 988 and BS 1162) 8.6 lb/ft2 (41.9 kg/m2)
Damp-proofing (BS 1097 and BS 1418)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 8.3 lb/ft2 (40.5 kg/m2)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) 11.0 lb/ft2 (53.7 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 12.4 lb/ft2 (60.5 kg/m2)
Flooring (BS 1076, BS 1410 and BS 1451)
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 11 ± 1 lb/ft2 (53.7 ± 4.9 kg/m2)
Road and footpaths (BS 594 and BS 1446)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 9.0 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
Battens
Slating and tiling, 1.5 in × 0.75 in
(38.1 mm × 19.1 mm) softwood
4 in (101.6 mm) gauge 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Bitumen damp-proof courses (BS 743)
Hessian base (Type 5A) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Fibre felt (Type 5B) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Asbestos based (Type 5C) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Hessian base and lead (Type 5D) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Fibre felt and lead (Type 5E) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Asbestos base and lead (Type 5F) 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Bitumen roofing felts (BS 747)
Bitumen felts (fibre base)
Saturated bitumen (Type 1A) 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Sanded bitumen (Type 1B) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 3
Bitumen roofing felts (cont)
Bitumen felts (fibre base) (cont)
Self-finished bitumen (Type 1C) 0.2a lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
0.3a lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
0.4a lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5a lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.6a lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Coated and sanded bitumen felt
(Type 1D) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Mineral surfaced bitumen (Type 1E) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Reinforced bitumen felt (Type 1F) 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Bitumen felts (asbestos base)
Saturated bitumen asbestos
(Type 2A) 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Self-finished asbestos (Type 2B) 0.3a lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
0.4a lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5a lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
Mineral surfaced bitumen
asbestos (Type 2C) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Fluxed pitch felts (fibre base)
Saturated fluxed pitch (Type 3A) 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Sanded fluxed pitch (Type 3B) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Impregnated flax felts and hair felts
Impregnated flax (Type 4A)
Black
Roofing 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Sarking 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
Black sheathing 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Brown
No. I Inodorous 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
No. 2 Inodorous 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Brown sheathing 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Impregnated hair (Type 4B)
Black
Black hair sheathing 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Brown
Brown bituminous hair 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Bitumen felts (glass fibre base)
Bitumen glass fibre (Type 5A) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Mineral surfaced bitumen glass
fibre (Type 5B) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Blockwork, walling
Clay
Hollow, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
a When fine sand is used in lieu of talc this weight is increased by approximately 0.1 lb. (0.5 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
4 © BSI 10-1999
Blockwork, walling (cont)
Clay (cont)
Perforated (approximately 50 per cent
perforated)
Medium density, per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 5.8 lb/ft2 (28.3 kg/m2)
High density, per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 6.7 lb/ft2 (32.7 kg/m2)
Concrete
Ballast and stone aggregate
Cellular per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 8.3 lb/ft2 (40.5 kg/m2)
Hollow per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7.1 lb/ft2 (34.7 kg/m2)
Solid per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick
Stone aggregate 11.2 lb/ft2 (54.7 kg/m2)
Slate aggregate 10.0 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Lightweight aggregate
Cellular per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 5.9 lb/ft2 (28.8 kg/m2)
Hollow per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
Solid per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 6.6 lb/ft2 (32.2 kg/m2)
Aerated
Based on 35 lb/ft3 (560.6 kg/m3)
density
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 3.0 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
Based on 50 lb/ft3 (800.9 kg/m3)
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
Organic aggregates e.g. sawdust,
peat, etc.
Based on 80 lb/ft3 (1281.5 kg/m3)
density
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7 lb/ft2 (34.2 kg/m2)
Diatomaceous earth
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 6.8 lb/ft2 (33.2 kg/m2)
2½ in (63.5 mm) thick 7.9 lb/ft2 (38.6 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 9.0 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 10.9 lb/ft2 (53.2 kg/m2)
4½ in (114.3 mm) thick 11.6 lb/ft2 (56.6 kg/m2)
Board, laminated (i.e. battenboard,
blockboard and laminboard)
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.3 ± 0.2 lb/ft2 (11.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2)
Brass
Copper 60 per cent, zinc 40 per cent
(CZ 123 of BS 2870) 526 lb/ft3 (8 426 kg/m3)
Copper 70 per cent, zinc 30 per cent
(CZ 106 of BS 2870) 532 lb/ft3 (8 522 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 5
Brickwork
Clay
Solid, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick
Low density 10.4 lb/ft2 (50.8 kg/m2)
Medium density 11.2 lb/ft2 (54.7 kg/m2)
High density 12.1 lb/ft2 (59.1 kg/m2)
Perforated, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick
Low density
25 per cent voids 7.9 lb/ft2 (38.6 kg/m2)
15 per cent voids 8.8 lb/ft2 (43.0 kg/m2)
Medium density
25 per cent voids 8.3 lb/ft2 (40.5 kg/m2)
15 per cent voids 9.6 lb/ft2 (46.9 kg/m2)
High density
25 per cent voids 9.2 lb/ft2 (44.9 kg/m2)
15 per cent voids 10.0 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Concrete, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2)
Lightweight/Flue
Diatomaceous earth, per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
Calcium silicate (sand lime and
flint lime)
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 10.4 lb/ft2 (50.8 kg/m2)
Bronze, phosphor, wrought
(BS 369 and BS 407) 558 lb/ft3 (8 938 kg/m3)
Carpet
(2.9 kg/m2)
Cast stone 140 lb/ft3 (2 243 kg/m3)
Cement 90 lb/ft3 (1 442 kg/m3)
Concrete
Aerated
Brick aggregate 125 ± 10 lb/ft3 (2 002 ± 160 kg/m3)
Natural aggregates 144 lb/ft3 (2 307 kg/m3)
Lightweight aggregates
Normal 70 ± 30 lb/ft3 (1 121 ± 481 kg/m3)
Structural
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
î í ì
î í ì
î í ì
0.6 +0.1
–0.2 lb/ft2 +0.5
–1.0
40 +60
–10 lb/ft3 641 +961
–160
kg/m3
è ø
æ ö
110 +15
–10
lb/ft3 1 762 +240
–160
kg/m3
è ø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
6 © BSI 10-1999
Concrete (cont)
Heavy weight aggregates
e.g. barytes, ilmenite,
magnetite, etc. 200 ± 10 lb/ft3 (3 204 ± 160 kg/m3)
Steel shot 330 ± 15 lb/ft3 (5 286 ± 240 kg/m3)
No-fines 110 ± 5 lb/ft3 (1 762 ± 80 kg/m3)
Organic aggregate 80 ± 35 lb/ft3 (1 281 ± 561 kg/m3)
Diatomaceous earth
Copper
Cast 545 lb/ft3 (8 730 kg/m3)
Wrought
Sheet and strip
0.048 in (18 SWG) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.8 kg/m2)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
0.028 in (22 SWG) 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Other wrought forms 558 lb/ft3 (8 938 kg/m3)
Cork
Granular, 0.188 in (4.8 mm) size,
loosely packed 7.5 lb/ft3 (120 kg/m3)
Board
Normal per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Semi-compressed per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Compressed per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Flooring per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Expanded metal, steel
For concrete reinforcement (BS 1221)
References (BS 1221)
327 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
331 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
332 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
348 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
351 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
352 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
80 +7
4 –
lb/ft3 1 281 +112
– 64
kg/m 3
è ø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 7
Expanded metal, steel (cont)
For plastering (BS 1369 and BS 405)
References
24 gauge (BS 1369) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
XM 104 (BS 405) 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
XM 125 (BS 405) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
For general purposes (BS 405)
References (BS 405)
XM 46 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
XM 51 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
XM 75 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
XM 79 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
XM 104 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
XM 125 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Felt
Insulating per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Fibre building board
Insulating boards 0.5 in (12.7 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Hardboard
Normal 0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Tempered 0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Laminated 0.188 in (4.8 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Acoustic (unfaced) 0.5 in (12.7 mm) 0.7–1.0 lb/ft2 (3.4–4.9 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 0.9–1.4 lb/ft2 (4.4–6.8 kg/m2)
Flagstones
Concrete
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 24 lb/ft2 (117 kg/m2)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) thick 30 lb/ft2 (146 kg/m2)
Natural stone
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 28 lb/ft2 (137 kg/m2)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) thick 35 lb/ft2 (171 kg/m2)
Floors
Hollow clay blocks
Without ribs (including reinforcement and mortar jointing between blocks
but excluding any concrete topping)
4 in (101.6 mm) 30 lb/ft2 (146 kg/m2)
5 in (127.0 mm) 35 lb/ft2 (171 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) 39 lb/ft2 (190 kg/m2)
7 in (177.8 mm) 47 lb/ft2 (229 kg/m2)
8 in (203.2 mm) 53 lb/ft2 (259 kg/m2)
NOTE These weights are based on the use of hollow blocks of varying size and depth. For each 1 inch (25.4 mm) of thickness of
concrete topping add 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2).
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword
BS 648:1964
8 © BSI 10-1999
Floors (cont)
Hollow clay blocks (cont)
With concrete ribs between blocks (including reinforcement but excluding
any concrete topping)
3 in (76.2 mm) 19 lb/ft2 (92.8 kg/m2)
3.5 in (88.9 mm) 22 lb/ft2 (107 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) 25 lb/ft2 (122 kg/m2)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 27 lb/ft2 (132 kg/m2)
5 in (127.0 mm) 29 lb/ft2 (142 kg/m2)
5.5 in (139.7 mm) 31 lb/ft2 (151 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) 33 lb/ft2 (161 kg/m2)
7 in (177.8 mm) 37 lb/ft2 (181 kg/m2)
8 in (203.2 mm) 41 lb/ft2 (200 kg/m2)
NOTE These weights are based on the use of blocks of varying size and depth and of lesser density than those used without concrete
ribs between the blocks.
For each 1 in (25.4 mm) thickness of concrete topping add 12 lb/ ft2 (58.6 kg/m2).
Hollow concrete units (including any concrete topping necessary for
constructional purposes)
4 in (101.6 mm) 35 lb/ft2 (171 kg/m2)
5 in (127.0 mm) 40 lb/ft2 (195 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) 45 lb/ft2 (220 kg/m2)
7 in (177.8 mm) 50 lb/ft2 (244 kg/m2)
8 in (203.2 mm) 55 lb/ft2 (269 kg/m2)
9 in (228.6 mm) 65 lb/ft2 (317 kg/m2)
Glass
Sheet
24 oz (680.4 g) 0.11 in (2.8 mm)
thick 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
32 oz (907.2 g) 0.156 in (4.0 mm)
thick 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Cast, clear plate and armoured plate
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 6.5 lb/ft2 (31.7 kg/m2)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) thick 13.3 lb/ft2 (64.9 kg/m2)
Wired cast
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 3.5 lb/ft2 (17.1 kg/m2)
Glass blocks
Hollow
(BS 1207) 3.875 in (98.4 mm) thick
8 in (203.2 mm) (20¼ blocks per yd2) 17 lb/ft2 (83.0 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) (36 blocks per yd2) 20 lb/ft2 (97.6 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 9
Glass fibre
Thermal insulation of roofs and walls
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
Acoustic insulation of floating floors
Per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick
0.2 lb/ft2 (0.1 kg/m2)
Slab
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.4–1.0 lb/ft2 (2.0–4.9 kg/m2)
Formboard
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Roof board
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Glazing, patent
[Bars at 2 ft (0.6 m) centres and wired cast glass 0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick]
Lead-covered steel bars
Spans up to 6 ft (1.8 m) 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
Spans 6 ft to 11 ft (1.8–3.4 m) 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Aluminium bars
Spans up to 11 ft (3.4 m) 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
Gunmetal 553 lb/ft3 (8 858 kg/m3)
Gutters
Cast iron (BS 1205)
Half-round 3 in (76.2 mm) 1.8 lb/ft (2.7 kg/m)
of effective length
4 in (101.6 mm) 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 2.4 lb/ft (3.6 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 2.7 lb/ft (4.0 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) 3.2 lb/ft (4.8 kg/m)
Ogee 4 in (101.6 mm) 2.4 lb/ft (3.6 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 2.8 lb/ft (4.2 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 3.1 lb/ft (4.6 kg/m)
Asbestos cement
Half-round 3 in (76.2 mm) 1.4 lb/ft (2.1 kg/m)
of effective length
4 in (101.6 mm) 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 2.4 lb/ft (3.6 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) 2.9 lb/ft (4.3 kg/m)
8 in (203.2 mm) 3.9 lb/ft (5.8 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
10 © BSI 10-1999
Gutters (cont)
Asbestose cement (cont)
Ogee 4 in (101.6 mm) 2.5 lb/ft (3.7 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 3.0 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 3.0 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) 3.5 lb/ft (5.2 kg/m)
8 in (203.2 mm) 5.1 lb/ft (7.6 kg/m)
Plastics
PVC 4 in (101.6 mm) 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Aluminium
Half-round, 6 ft (1.8 m) lengths
4 in (101.6 mm)
Cast 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm)
Cast 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm)
Cast 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
6 in (152.4)
Cast 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Ogee, 6 ft (1.8 m) lengths
4 in (101.6 mm)
Cast 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm)
Cast 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm)
Cast 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Rectangular, 6 ft (1.8 m) lengths
4 in × 2 in (101.6 mm × 50.8 mm)
Wrought 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4 in × 3 in (101.6 mm × 76.2 mm)
Cast 1.5 lb/ft (2.2 kg/m)
5 in × 2½ in (127.0 mm × 63.5 mm)
Wrought 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
5 in × 4 in (127.0 mm × 101.6 mm)
Cast 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 11
Gutters (cont)
Aluminium (cont)
6 in × 3 in (152.4 mm × 76.2 mm)
Wrought 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
Precast concrete
22 in (558.8 mm) on bed and
7 in (177.8 mm) high 62 ± 2 lb/ft (92 ± 3 kg/m)
Gypsum panels and partitions
Building panels
3 in thick (76.2 mm) 9 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
4 in thick (101.6 mm) 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
5 in thick (127.0 mm) 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2)
6 in thick (152.4 mm) 13 lb/ft2 (63.5 kg/m2)
Dry partition
2.25 in (57.2 mm) thick 4.2 lb/ft2 (20.5 kg/m2)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) thick 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
Iron
Cast 450 lb/ft3 (7 208 kg/m3)
Wrought 480 lb/ft3 (7 689 kg/m3)
Lathing
Wood 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Expanded metal, steel
For plastering (BS 1369 and BS 405)
References
24 gauge (BS 1369) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
XM 104 (BS 405) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
XM 125 (BS 405) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Ribbed perforated metal sheet
0.015 in (28 BG) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.019 in (26 BG) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.024 in (24 BG) 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Clay 1 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Lead
Sheet (BS 1178)
0.067 in (1.7 mm) 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
0.084 in (2.1 mm) 5.0 lb/ft2 (24.4 kg/m2)
0.101 in (2.6 mm) 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
0.118 in (3.0 mm) 7.0 lb/ft2 (34.2 kg/m2)
Cast 707 lb/ft3 (11 325 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
12 © BSI 10-1999
Linoleum
(BS 810)
3.2 mm 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
4.5 mm 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
6.7 mm 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Magnesium alloys
Cast 108 lb/ft3 (1 730 kg/m3)
Wrought
Sheet, flat
3 SWG 2.4 lb/ft2 (11.8 kg/m2)
10 SWG 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
16 SWG 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
20 SWG 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
Other wrought forms 108 lb/ft3 (1 730 kg/m3)
Magnesium oxychloride
Normal type (sawdust filler)
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7.2 ± 0.6 lb/ft2 (35.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2)
Heavy duty type (mineral filler)
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 11 ± 0.6 lb/ft2 (53.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2)
Metal faced plywood
Aluminium
0.188 in (4.8 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
0.375 in (9.5 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 13
Metal faced plywood (cont)
Galvanized steel
0.188 in (4.8 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
0.375 in (9.5 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.9 lb/ft2 (9.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
Pavement lights, glazed
Cast iron or reinforced concrete 25 ± 5 lb/ft2 (122.1 ± 24.4 kg/m2)
Pipes
Cast iron
Rainwater (BS 460)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) nominal size 3.3 lb/ft (4.9 kg/m)
3.0 in (76.2 mm) nominal size 4.0 lb/ft (6.0 kg/m)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size 5.2 lb/ft (7.7 kg/m)
Flue or smoke (BS 41)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size 6.0 lb/ft (8.9 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) nominal size 6.7 lb/ft (10.0 kg/m)
5.0 in (127.0 mm) nominal size 8.3 lb/ft (12.4 kg/m)
6.0 in (152.4 mm) nominal size 11.3 lb/ft (16.8 kg/m)
7.0 in (177.8 mm) nominal size 15.2 lb/ft (22.6 kg/m)
8.0 in (203.2 mm) nominal size 19.7 lb/ft (29.3 kg/m)
9.0 in (228.6 mm) nominal size 25.3 lb/ft (37.7 kg/m)
10.0 in (254.0 mm) nominal size 31.3 lb/ft (46.6 kg/m)
12.0 in (304.8 mm) nominal size 42.7 lb/ft (63.5 kg/m)
Soil, waste and ventilating (BS 416)
Medium
3.0 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 6.2 lb/ft (9.2 kg/m)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 8.0 lb/ft (11.9 kg/m)
6.0 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 12.2 lb/ft (18.2 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
14 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Cast iron (cont)
Soil, waste and ventilating (BS 416) (cont)
Heavy
3.0 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 6.8 lb/ft (10.1 kg/m)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 9.0 lb/ft (13.4 kg/m)
Extra heavy
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 10.7 lb/ft (15.9 kg/m)
6.0 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 15.8 lb/ft (23.5 kg/m)
Drain (BS 437)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 17.5 lb/ft (26.0 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 25.0 lb/ft (37.2 kg/m)
Asbestos cement
Rainwater ((BS 569)
3 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 3 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 4 lb/ft (6.0 kg/m)
Soil, waste and ventilating (BS 582)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 4 lb/ft (6.0 kg/m)
Drainage and sewerage (BS 3656)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
Class 3 6.1 ± 0.3 lb/ft (9.1 ± 0.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
Class 3 9.9 ± 0.5 lb/ft (14.7 ± 0.7 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm) nominal size
Class 2 14.8 ± 0.7 lb/ft (22.0 ± 1.0 kg/m)
Class 3 17.1 ± 0.9 lb/ft (25.4 ± 1.3 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm) nominal size
Class 1 22.4 ± 1.1 lb/ft (33.3 ± 1.6 kg/m)
Class 2 25.8 ± 1.3 lb/ft (38.4 ± 1.9 kg/m)
Class 3 29.9 ± 1.5 lb/ft (44.5 ± 2.2 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 15
Pipes (cont)
Asbestos cement (cont)
Pressure (BS 486)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
Classes A and B 6.7 ± 0.3 lb/ft (10.0 ± 0.4 kg/m)
Classes C and D 7.1 ± 0.4 lb/ft (10.6 ± 0.6 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
Classes A and B 9.6 ± 0.5 lb/ft (14.3 ± 0.7 kg/m)
Class C 12.7 ± 0.6 lb/ft (18.9 ± 0.9 kg/m)
Class D 14.4 ± 0.7 lb/ft (21.4 ± 1.0 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm) nominal size
Class A 15.2 ± 0.8 lb/ft (22.6 ± 1.2 kg/m)
Class B 18.1 ± 0.9 lb/ft (26.9 ± 1.3 kg/m)
Class C 23.2 ± 1.2 lb/ft (34.5 ± 1.8 kg/m)
Class D 28.2 ± 1.4 lb/ft (42.0 ± 2.1 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm) nominal size
Class A 22.4 ± 1.1 lb/ft (33.3 ± 1.6 kg/m)
Class B 26.5 ± 1.3 lb/ft (39.4 ± 1.9 kg/m)
Class C 39.3 ± 2.0 lb/ft (58.5 ± 3.0 kg/m)
Class D 50.0 ± 2.7 lb/ft (74.4 ± 4.0 kg/m)
Copper
Water supply
(average weights of tube, fittings
and clips)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nominal size 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) nominal size 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm) nominal size 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nominal size 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nominal size 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
Rainwater, soil, waste and
ventilating (BS 659)
3 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 3.3 lb/ft (4.9 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 5.4 lb/ft (8.0 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
16 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Steel
Screwed and socketed (BS 1387)
Light
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. bore 1.8 lb/ft (2.7 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. bore 2.2 lb/ft (3.3 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 2.8 lb/ft (4.2 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. bore 4.7 lb/ft (7.0 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. bore 6.8 lb/ft (10.1 kg/m)
Medium
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. bore 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. bore 2.5 lb/ft (3.7 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 3.5 lb/ft (5.2 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. bore 5.8 lb/ft (8.6 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. bore 8.3 lb/ft (12.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. bore 13.3 lb/ft (19.8 kg/m)
Heavy
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. bore 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. bore 3.0 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 4.2 lb/ft (6.3 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. bore 6.9 lb/ft (10.3 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. bore 9.9 lb/ft (14.7 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. bore 14.7 lb/ft (21.9 kg/m)
Add 5 per cent extra if galvanized.
Soil waste and ventilating
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.5 lb/ft (3.7 kg/m)
Plastics
Polythene
General purposes
Light
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.04 lb/ft (0.06 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Medium
0.438 in (11.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.06 lb/ft (0.09 kg/m)
0.875 in (22.2 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
2.25 in (57.2 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 17
Pipes (cont)
Plastics (cont)
Polythene (cont)
General purposes (cont)
Heavy
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
High density
Class B
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.06 lb/ft (0.09 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Class C
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.08 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
Class D
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Cold water
Normal
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nom. bore 0.07 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) nom. bore 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
18 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Plastics (cont)
Polythene (cont)
High density (cont)
Heavy
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nom. bore 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) nom. bore 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
Rainwater
2.5 in (63.5 mm) nom. size 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Soil
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
PVC
Cold water supply (BS 3505)
Class AA
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
Class B
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
Class C
1 in (25.4 mm) nom. size 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 3.7 lb/ft (5.5 kg/m)
Class D
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nom. size 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm) nom. size 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 2.2 lb/ft (3.3 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 4.8 lb/ft (7.1 kg/m)
Lead (BS 602)
Pressure
Service pipes above ground
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia.
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia.
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
1.7 +1.3
–0.3 lb/ft 2.5 +1.9
è –0.4 kg/mø
æ ö
3.7 + 1.3
–2.0 lb/ft 5.5 +1.9
è –3.0 kg/mø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 19
Pipes (cont)
Lead (BS 602) (cont)
Pressure (cont)
Service pipes above ground (cont)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia.
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia.
Cold water distributing pipes
above ground
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.3–2.7 lb/ft (3.4–4.0 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 3.0–4.0 lb/ft (4.5–6.0 kg/m)
Hot water distributing pipes
above ground
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.3–1.7 lb/ft (1.9–2.5 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.7–3.3 lb/ft (2.5–4.9 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.7–6.0 lb/ft (4.0–8.9 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 4.0–9.3 lb/ft (6.0–13.8 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
5.3 +1.7
–2.7
lb/ft 7.9 +2.5
è –4.0 kg/mø
æ ö
9.3 + 0
– 4.7
lb/ft 13.8 +0
è –7.0 kg¤ mø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
20 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Lead (cont)
Pressure (cont)
Gas pipes
0.375 in (9.5 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.7–1.0 lb/ft (1.0–1.5 kg/m)
0.625 (15.9 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.0–1.2 lb/ft (1.5–1.8 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.3–1.7 lb/ft (1.9–2.5 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.0–2.3 lb/ft (3.0–3.4 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.3–3.0 lb/ft (3.4–4.5 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 3.0–4.0 lb/ft (4.5–6.0 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 4.0–5.3 lb/ft (6.0–7.9 kg/m)
Non–pressure
Rainwater, soil, waste and
soil-and-waste ventilating pipes
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.3 lb/ft (3.4 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. int. dia. 3.3 lb/ft (4.9 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. int. dia. 5.0 lb/ft (7.4 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. int. dia. 6.3 lb/ft (9.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. int. dia. 11.3 lb/ft (16.8 kg/m)
Pitch fibre
(complete with couplings)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 4.3 lb/ft (6.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 5.0 lb/ft (7.4 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 21
Pipes (cont)
Clay, salt-glazed (BS 65 and BS 540)
3 in (76.2 mm) int. dia. 8 lb/ft (11.9 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) int. dia 11 lb/ft (16.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) int. dia. 17 lb/ft (25.3 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm) int. dia. 27 lb/ft (40.2 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm) int. dia. 46 lb/ft (68.5 kg/m)
Concrete
Unreinforced or reinforced (BS 556)
Spigot and socket
4 in (101.6 mm)
nom. int. dia. 21–22 lb/ft (31.3–32.7 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm)
nom. int. dia 28–32 lb/ft (41.7–47.6 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm)
nom. int. dia. 45–50 lb/ft (67.0–74.4 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 70–78 lb/ft (104.2–116.1 kg/m)
15 in (381.0 mm)
nom. int. dia. 95–102 lb/ft (141.4–151.8 kg/m)
18 in (457.2 mm)
nom. int. dia. 125–133 lb/ft (186.0–197.9 kg/m)
24 in (609.6 mm)
nom. int. dia. 202–210 lb/ft (300.6–312.5 kg/m)
30 in (762.0 mm)
nom. int. dia. 281–315 lb/ft (418.2–468.8 kg/m)
36 in (914.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 370–392 lb/ft (550.6–583.4 kg/m)
48 in (1 219 mm)
nom. int. dia. 630–644 lb/ft (937.5–958.4 kg/m)
54 in (1 372 mm)
nom. int. dia. 785–905 lb/ft (1 168–1 347 kg/m)
60 in (1 524 mm)
nom. int. dia. 925–975 lb/ft (1 377–1 451 kg/m)
72 in (1 829 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1 296 lb/ft (1 929 kg/m)
NOTE For pipes with ogee joints, i.e. without a collar, deduct 10 per cent from the above weights.
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
22 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Aluminium
Rainwater, with ears (BS 2997)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
Light, 0.028 in (22 SWG)
min. thickness 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
Light, 0.028 in (22 SWG)
min. thickness 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 1.6 lb/ft (2.4 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
Light, 0.028 in (22 SWG)
min. thickness 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Brass
0.5 in (12.7 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 23
Pipes (cont)
Brass (cont)
1.25 in (31.8 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 1.4 lb/ft (2.1 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 2.2 lb/ft (3.3 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 2.9 lb/ft (4.3 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Pitchmastic
Flooring
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 11.1 ± 1.1 lb/ft (16.5 ± 1.6 kg/m)
Plaster
Gypsum
Two coat, 0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick
Normal sanded undercoat and
neat finishing 4.5 lb/ft2 (22.0 kg/m2)
One coat, 0.2 in (5.1 mm) thick,
neat gypsum 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
Lime (non-hydraulic and hydraulic)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 5.0 lb/ft2 (24.4 kg/m2)
Barium sulphate 0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 8.0 lb/ft2 (39.1 kg/m2)
Lightweight
Perlite aggregate, 2 coat, 0.5 in
(12.7 mm) thick 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Vermiculite aggregate, 2 coat, 0.5 in
(12.7 mm) thick 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
24 © BSI 10-1999
Plasterboard, gypsum
Solid core
0.375 in (9.5 mm) 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2.3 lb/ft2 (11.2 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 3.5 lb/ft2 (17.1 kg/m2)
Perforated lath
0.375 in (9.5 mm) 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
Plastics
Flooring
Flexible PVC
0.062 in (1.6 mm) 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.100 in (2.5 mm) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos tiles
0.062 in (1.6 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.100 in (2.5 mm) 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
0.188 in (4.8 mm) 2.1 lb/ft2 (10.3 kg/m2)
Flat sheet
Acrylic
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Cellulose acetate
0.063 in (1.6 mm) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Synthetic resin bonded paper
Melamine faced 0.063 in
(1.6 mm) thick 0.4–0.5 lb/ft2 (2.0–2.4 kg/m2)
Corrugated (including
Allowance for laps)
Acrylic 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Glass-fibre reinforced polyester 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
PVC 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Expanded and foamed
Expanded PVC per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 0.3 ± 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2)
Expanded polystyrene per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 25
Plastics (cont)
Expanded and foamed (cont)
Foamed polystyrene per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 ± 0.02 lb/ft2 (0.5 ± 0.1 kg/m2)
Foamed polyurethane per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.5 ± 0.3 lb/ft2 (2.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2)
Foamed phenolic resin per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.3 ± 0.1 lb/ft2 (1.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2)
Domelights
Acrylic
0.188 in (4.8 mm) 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Damp-proof course
Polythene 0.02 in (0.5 mm) nom.
thickness 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
Plywood
Per mm thick 0.125 ± 0.025 lb/ft2 (0.6 ± 0.1 kg/m2)
Quilt
Eelgrass per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 0.3–0.4 lb/ft2 (1.5–2.0 kg/m2)
Glass fibre per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Hair per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1 ± 0.1 lb/ft2 (4.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2)
Kapok per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
Mineral wool per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 0.7 ± 0.3 lb/ft2 (3.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2)
Reinforced concrete 150 lb/ft3 (2 403 kg/m3)
Rendering
Portland cement : sand (1 : 3)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Rubber
Flooring
Sheet or tiles
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
0.188 in (4.8 mm) 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
0.375 in (9.5 mm) 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
Latex-hydraulic cement
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 2.6 ± 0.3 lb/ft2 (12.7 ± 1.5 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
26 © BSI 10-1999
Rubber (cont)
Cellular
Expanded
Light density [max. static load
1.5 lbf/in2 (0.10 kgf/cm2)]
per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Standard density [max. static
load 2 lbf/in2 (0.14 kgf/cm2)]
per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
Heavy density [max. static load
7.5 lbf/in2 (0.53 kgf/cm2)]
per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
Expanded ebonite per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Sand 100 ± 5 lb/ft3 (1 602 ± 80 kg/m3)
Screeding
Portland cement : sand (1 : 3) 0.5 in
(12.7 mm) thick 6 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Shingles
Cedar wood 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Slate
Slab (Westmorland, etc.) 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 15 lb/ft2 (73.2 kg/m2)
Slating (including 3 in (76.2 mm)
laps and nails)
Welsh
Thin 5 lb/ft2 (24.4 kg/m2
Thick 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Westmorland
Thin 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Thick 16 lb/ft2 (78.1 kg/m2)
Cornish
Thin 6 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Thick 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Soils
Non-cohesive (or granular)
i.e. sands and gravels
Loose 115 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 842 ± 160 kg/m3)
Dense 130 ± 10 lb/ft3 (2 082 ± 160 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 27
Soils (cont)
Cohesive, i.e. silts and clays
Soft 100 ± 15 lb/ft3 (1 602 ± 240 kg/m3)
Firm 110 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 762 ± 160 kg/m3)
Stiff 125 ± 10 lb/ft3 (2 002 ± 160 kg/m3)
Steel
Mild
Solid 490 lb/ft3 (7 849 kg/m3)
Sheet
Corrugated (including 20 per
cent for laps “as laid”)
0.05 in (18 BG) 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
Flat 0.05 in (18 BG) 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Protected
Corrugated (including 20 per
cent for laps “as laid”)
0.039 in (20 BG) 3.2 lb/ft2 (15.6 kg/m2)
Flat 0.039 in (20 BG) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
Cast 490 lb/ft3 (7 849 kg/m3)
Fabric
(BS 1221, Table 1, Table 2 or Table 4)
Oblong Mesh
References (BS 1221)
101, 201 and 401 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
103, 203 and 403 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
106, 206 and 406 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
108, 208 and 408 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
109, 209 and 409 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
113 0.2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Square mesh
References (BS 1221)
121, 221 and 421 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
123, 223 and 423 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
124, 224 and 424 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
125, 225 and 425 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
Stonework, natural
Limestone
Light, e.g. Bathstone 130 lb/ft3 (2 082 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 43 lb/ft2 (209.9 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 65 lb/ft2 (317.4 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
28 © BSI 10-1999
Stonework, natural (cont)
Limestone (cont)
Medium, e.g. Portland stone 140 lb/ft3 (2 243 kg/m3)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 35 lb/ft2 (170.9 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 47 lb/ft2 (229.5 kg/m2)
Heavy, e.g. marble 170 lb/ft3 (2 723 kg/m3)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) thick 10.5 lb/ft2 (51.3 kg/m2)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) thick 21 lb/ft2 (102.5 kg/m2)
Sandstone
Light, e.g. Woolton 137 lb/ft3 (2 195 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 46 lb/ft2 (224.6 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 69 lb/ft2 (336.9 kg/m2)
Medium, e.g. Darley Dale 145 lb/ft3 (2 323 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 48 lb/ft2 (234.4 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 73 lb/ft2 (356.4 kg/m2)
Heavy, e.g. Mansfield Red 150 lb/ft3 (2 403 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 50 lb/ft2 (244.1 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 75 lb/ft2 (366.2 kg/m2)
Granite
Light, e.g. Peterhead 162 lb/ft3 (2 595 kg/m3)
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 27 lb/ft2 (131.8 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 40 lb/ft2 (195.3 kg/m2)
Medium, e.g. Cornish 165 lb/ft3 (2 643 kg/m3)
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 28 lb/ft2 (136.7 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 41 lb/ft2 (200.2 kg/m2)
Heavy, e.g. Guernsey 183 lb/ft3 (2 931 kg/m3)
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 30 lb/ft2 (146.5 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) 46 lb/ft2 (224.6 kg/m2)
NOTE For cramps add 5 lb/ft3 (80.1 kg/m3)
Straw slab, compressed
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.0 ± 0.2 lb/ft2 (9.8 ± 1.0 kg/m2)
Tarmacadam
Roads and footpaths 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2)
Terra cotta, solid 132 lb/ft3 (2 114 kg/m3)
Terrazzo
Paving 0.625 in (15.9 mm) 6.7 ± 0.7 lb/ft2 (32.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2)
Tiles
1 in (25.4 mm) 10 ± 1.0 lb/ft2 (48.8 ± 4.9 kg/m2)
Partitions
1.5 in (38.1 mm) 16.7 ± 1.7 lb/ft2 (81.5 ± 8.3 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 29
Thatching
Reed (including battens) 1 ft
(304.8 mm) thick 8.5 lb/ft2 (41.5 kg/m2)
Thermal capacity roof coverings
Shingle and felspar
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7.5 lb/ft2 (36.6 kg/m2)
Tiling, floor
Asphalt 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Clay
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 5.6 lb/ft2 (27.3 kg/m2)
0.875 in (22.2 mm) thick 9.2 lb/ft2 (44.9 kg/m2)
Cork compressed
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
Hardboard faced, bitumen based
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
PVC flexible
0.062 in (1.6 mm) thick 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) thick 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.1 in (2.5 mm) thick 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
PVC (vinyl) asbestos
0.062 in (1.6 mm) thick 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) thick 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.1 in (2.5 mm) thick 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
0.188 in (4.8 mm) thick 2.1 lb/ft2 (10.3 kg/m2)
Concrete 0.625 in (15.9 mm) thick 7.8 lb/ft2 (38.1 kg/m2)
Tiling, roof
Clay
Plain
Machine made, 4 in
(101.6 mm) gauge 13.0 lb/ft2 (63.5 kg/m2)
Hand made, 4 in
(101.6 mm) gauge 14.5 lb/ft2 (70.8 kg/m2)
Single lap (interlocking) 8 ± 1 lb/ft2 (39.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2)
Concrete
Slate aggregate 12 in
(304.8 mm) gauge 9.0 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
30 © BSI 10-1999
Tiling, roof (cont)
Concrete (cont)
Stone aggregate
Plain, 3 in (76.2 mm) gauge 19.0 lb/ft2 (92.8 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) gauge 14.0 lb/ft2 (68.4 kg/m2)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) gauge 12.5 lb/ft2 (61.0 kg/m2)
Interlocking (single lap) 10 ± 1.5 lb/ft2 (48.8 ± 7.3 kg/m2)
Tiling, wall
Clay 0.375 in (9.5 mm) thick 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
Fibre, acoustic 0.75 in
(19.1 mm) thick 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Plastics
Polystyrene
Dense 0.070 in (1.8 mm)
(BS 2552) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Expanded 0.188 in (4.8 mm) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
PVC 0.060 in (1.5 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Timber
Softwoods, e.g. pine, spruce,
Douglas fir
Pitchpine, longleaf dense 42 lb/ft3 (672.8 kg/m3)
Hardwoods, e.g. Burma teak,
oak, maple
Vermiculite
Exfoliated
Fine aggregate for plaster 8–10 lb/ft3 (128.1–160.2 kg/m3)
Coarse aggregate for plaster 5.5–7 lb/ft3 (88.1–112.1 kg/m3)
Fine aggregate for concrete 4.5–5.5 lb/ft3 (72.1–88.1 kg/m3)
Coarse aggregate for concrete
and loose fill 4–5 lb/ft3 (64.1–80.1 kg/m3)
Crude 36–55 lb/ft3 (576.7–881.0 kg/m3)
Water
1 in (25.4 mm) deep (e.g. for ponding 5.2 lb/ft2 (25.4 kg/m2)
on roofs, etc.)
(e.g. for concrete mix calculations
and weights in tanks, etc.) 62.4 lb/ft3 (1 000 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword
30 +7
–2 lb/ft 3 480.6 +112.1
–32.0 kg/m 3
è ø
æ ö
45 +33
–38 lb/ft 3 720.8 +528.6
–608.7 kg/m 3
è ø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 31
Water (cont)
1 in2 (645 mm2) cross-sectional area
(e.g. for calculations on weights
in service pipes, etc.) 0.43 lb/ft (0.64 kg/m)
Weather boarding
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
1 in (25.4 mm) 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
Wood floors, strip
Softwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 2.3 lb/ft2 (11.2 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
Pitchpine
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.1 lb/ft2 (15.1 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 3.9 lb/ft2 (19.0 kg/m2)
Hardwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 4.3 lb/ft2 (21.0 kg/m2)
NOTE All thicknesses are “finished thicknesses”.
Wood floors, block
(including mastic)
Softwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 2.6 lb/ft2 (12.7 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 3.1 lb/ft2 (15.1 kg/m2)
Pitchpine
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 4.2 lb/ft2 (20.5 kg/m2)
Hardwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.6 lb/ft2 (17.6 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 4.6 lb/ft2 (22.5 kg/m2)
Wood chipboard
Uniform
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 3 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
Three-layer boards
Light
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Heavy
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 3 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
32 © BSI 10-1999
Wood wool
Slabs, 36 lb/ft3 (576.7 kg/m3) per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 3 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
Zinc
Solid 446 lb/ft3 (7 144 kg/m3)
Sheet (BS 849)
0.025 in (No. 12 zinc gauge) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.031 in (No. 14 zinc gauge) 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
0.041 in (No. 16 zinc gauge) 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 33
Appendix A Wire and sheet gauges
Standard wire gauges (SWG)
No. 7/0 6/0 5/0 4 /0 3/0 2/0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
in 0.500 0.464 0.432 0.400 0.372 0.348 0.324 0.300 0.276 0.252 0.232 0.212 0.192
mm 12.700 11.786 10.973 10.160 9.449 8.839 8.230 7.620 7.010 6.401 5.893 5.385 4.877
No. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
in 0.176 0.160 0.144 0.128 0.116 0.104 0.092 0.080 0.072 0.064 0.056 0.048 0.040
mm 4.470 4.064 3.658 3.251 2.946 2.642 2.337 2.032 1.829 1.626 1.422 1.219 1.016
No. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
in 0.036 0.032 0.028 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.0164 0.0148 0.0136 0.0124 0.0116 0.0108
mm 0.914 0.813 0.711 0.610 0.559 0.508 0.457 0.4166 0.3759 0.3454 0.3150 0.2946 0.2743
No. 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
in 0.0100 0.0092 0.0084 0.0076 0.0068 0.0060 0.0052 0.0048 0.0044 0.0040 0.0036 0.0032 0.0028
mm 0.2540 0.2337 0.2134 0.1930 0.1727 0.1524 0.1321 0.1219 0.1118 0.1016 0.0914 0.0813 0.0711
No. 46 47 48 49 50
in 0.0024 0.0020 0.0016 0.0012 0.0010 — — — — — — — —
mm 0.0610 0.0508 0.0406 0.0305 0.0254 — — — — — — — —
BS 648:1964
34 © BSI 10-1999
Birmingham gauges for hoops and sheets (BG)
No. 15/0 14/0 13/0 12/0 11/0 10/0 9/0 8/0 7/0 6/0
in 1.0 0.958 3 0.916 7 0.875 0 0.833 3 0.791 7 0.750 0.708 3 0.666 6 0.625
mm 25.40 24.34 23.28 22.22 21.17 20.11 19.05 17.99 16.93 15.875
No. 5/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 0 1 2 3 4 5
in 0.588 3 0.541 6 0.500 0.445 2 0.396 4 0.353 2 0.314 7 0.280 4 0.250 0.222 5
mm 14.943 13.757 12.700 11.308 10.068 8.971 7.993 7.122 6.35 5.651
No. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
in 0.198 1 0.176 4 0.157 0 0.139 8 0.125 0 0.111 3 0.099 1 0.088 2 0.078 5 0.069 9
mm 5.032 4.48 3.988 3.55 3.175 2.827 2.517 2.24 1.994 1.775
No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
in 0.062 5 0.055 6 0.049 5 0.044 0 0.039 2 0.034 9 0.031 25 0.027 82 0.024 76 0.022 04
mm 1.588 1.412 1.257 1.118 0.996 0.886 0.794 0.707 0.629 0.560
No. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
in 0.019 61 0.017 45 0.015 62 0.013 9 0.012 3 0.011 0 0.009 8 0.008 7 0.007 7 0.006 9
mm 0.498 0.443 2 0.396 9 0.353 1 0.312 4 0.279 4 0.248 9 0.221 0 0.195 6 0.175 3
No. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
in 0.006 1 0.005 4 0.004 8 0.004 3 0.003 86 0.003 43 0.003 06 0.002 72 0.002 42 0.002 15
mm 0.154 9 0.137 0.122 0.109 0.098 0.087 0.078 0.069 0.061 5 0.054 6
No. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
in 0.001 92 0.001 70 0.001 52 0.001 35 0.001 20 0.001 07 0.000 95 — — —
mm 0.048 8 0.043 2 0.038 6 0.034 3 0.030 5 0.027 2 0.024 1 — — —
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 35
Zinc gauges for zinc sheets
Zinc gauge Thickness Zinc gauge Thickness
No. in mm No. in mm
1 0.004 0.1016 13 0.028 0.7112
2 0.006 0.1524 14 0.031 0.7874
3 0.007 0.1778 15 0.036 0.9144
4 0.008 0.2032 16 0.041 1.0414
5 0.010 0.2540 17 0.046 1.1684
6 0.011 0.2794 18 0.051 1.2954
7 0.013 0.3302 19 0.057 1.4478
8 0.015 0.3810 20 0.063 1.6002
9 0.017 0.4318 21 0.070 1.7780
10 0.019 0.4826
11 0.022 0.5588
12 0.025 0.6350
BS 648:1964
36 © BSI 10-1999
Index
Page
Acoustic, fibre building board 7
Acoustic, fibre, wall tiling 30
Acoustic insulation, glass fibre 9
Acrylic domelights 25
Acrylic sheet, corrugated 24
Acrylic sheet, flat 24
Aerated concrete 5
Aerated concrete blockwork, walling 3
Aggregates
all-in 1
ballast 1
barytes 1
clinker 1
coarse 1
combined 1
expanded clay 1
fine 1
foamed slag 1
heavyweight 1
ilmenite 1
lightweight 1
magnetite 1
natural 1
normal weight 1
sand 1
sintered pulverized-fuel ash 1
steel shot 1
“All-in” ballast aggregates 1
Aluminium
cast 1
wrought forms 1
sheet, corrugated 1
sheet, flat 1
Aluminium faced plywood 12
Aluminium gutters 8, 9
Aluminium pipes, rainwater 22
Armoured plate glass 8
Asbestos
felt 1
fibres, sprayed 1
Asbestos based bitumen damp-proof
courses 2
Asbestos base and lead bitumen damp-proof courses 2
Asbestos base, bitumen, roofing felts
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 3
self-finished 3
Asbestos cement
sheeting, corrugated 2
sheeting, flat 2
wallboard 2
Asbestos cement gutters 9
Asbestos cement pipes 14, 15
Page
Asphalt
damp-proofing 2
flooring 2
footpaths 2
roads 2
roofing 2
Asphalt floor tiling 29
Ballast, “all-in” aggregate 1
Ballast and stone aggregate concrete
blockwork 4
Barium sulphate plaster 23
Barytes, aggregate 1
Barytes, concrete 6
Bath stonework 27
Battenboard 4
Battens, slating and tiling 2
Birmingham gauges 33
Bitumen based, hardboard faced, floor
tiling 29
Bitumen damp-proof courses
asbestos based 2
asbestos base and lead 2
fibre felt 2
fibre felt and lead 2
hessian base 2
hessian base and lead 2
Bitumen roofing felts, asbestos base
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 2
self-finished 3
Bitumen roofing felts, fibre base
coated and sanded bitumen 3
mineral surfaced bitumen 3
reinforced bitumen 3
sanded bitumen 2
sanded fluxed pitch 3
saturated bitumen 2
saturated fluxed pitch 3
self-finished bitumen 3
Bitumen roofing felts, glass fibre base
mineral surfaced 3
Bitumen roofing felts, impregnated
flax, black
sarking 3
sheathing 3
Bitumen roofing felt, impregnated flax,
brown
inodorous 3
sheathing 3
Bitumen roofing felt, impregnated hair
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 37
Page
Black sarking, impregnated flax,
bitumen roofing felt 3
Black sheathing, impregnated flax,
bitumen roofing felt 3
Black sheathing, impregnated hair,
bitumen roofing felt 3
Blockboard 4
Blocks, glass, hollow 8
Blockwork, walling, clay
hollow 3
perforated 4
Blockwork, walling, concrete
aerated 4
ballast and stone aggregate 4
cellular 4
diatomaceous earth 4
hollow 4
lightweight aggregate 4
organic aggregate 4
solid 4
Board, cork 6
Board, laminated 4
Boards, fibre, building
acoustic 7
hardboard 7
insulating 7
laminated 7
Boarding, weather 31
Brass 4
Brass pipes 22, 23
Brick aggregate concrete 5
Brickwork, clay
perforated 5
solid 5
Brickwork, concrete 5
Brickwork, lightweight/flue, diatomaceous earth 5
Brickwork, calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime) 5
Bronze, phosphor, wrought 5
Brown bituminous, impregnated hair, bitumen
roofing felt 3
Building board, fibre
acoustic 7
hardboard 7
insulating 7
laminated 7
Burma teak 30
Calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime) brickwork 5
Carpet 5
Cast aluminium 1
Cast copper 6
Cast glass 8
Cast iron 11
Cast iron gutters 9
Cast iron pavement lights, glazed 13
Cast iron pipes 13, 14
Page
Cast lead 11
Cast magnesium alloys 12
Cast steel 27
Cast stone 5
Cedar wood shingles 26
Cellulose acetate, flat sheet 24
Cellular blockwork, walling, concrete 4
Cellular rubber 26
Cellulose acetate sheet 24
Cement 5
Cement, Portland, rendering 25
Cement, Portland, screeding 26
Chipboard, wood
three-layer 31
uniform 31
Clay blocks, hollow, floors 7
Clay, blockwork, walling
hollow 3
perforated 4
Clay brickwork 5
Clay, expanded, aggregates 1
Clay lathing 11
Clay, pipes, salt-glazed 21
Clay tiling, roof 29
Clay tiling, wall 30
Clay tiling, floor 29
Clinker aggregates 1
Coarse aggregates 1
Coated and sanded, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Combined aggregates 1
Compressed cork floor tiling 29
Compressed straw slab 28
Concrete
aerated 5
barytes 6
brick aggregate 5
diatomaceous earth 6
heavyweight aggregates 6
ilmenite 6
lightweight aggregates 5
magnetite 6
natural aggregates 5
no-fines 6
organic aggregate 6
steel shot 6
Concrete, blockwork, walling
aerated 4
ballast and stone aggregate 4
cellular 4
diatomaceous earth 4
hollow 4
lightweight aggregate 4
organic aggregate 4
solid 4
Concrete, brickwork 5
Concrete flagstones 7
BS 648:1964
38 © BSI 10-1999
Page
Concrete floor tiling 29
Concrete gutters, precast 11
Concrete pipes 21
Concrete, reinforced 25
Concrete, reinforced, pavement lights, glazed 13
Concrete reinforcement, expanded
metal, steel 6
Concrete tiling, floor 29
Concrete tiling, roof 29, 30
Concrete units, hollow, floors 8
Copper
cast 6
sheet and strip 6
wrought 6
Copper pipes 15
Cork
board 6
flooring 6
granular 6
Cork, compressed, floor tiling 29
Cornish granite stonework 28
Cornish slating 26
Corrugated aluminium sheet 1
Corrugated asbestos cement sheeting 2
Corrugated plastics sheet
acrylic 24
glass-fibre reinforced polyester 24
PVC 24
Corrugated steel sheet 27
Crude vermiculite 30
Damp-proof course, plastics, polythene 25
Damp-proof courses, bitumen 2
Damp-proofing, asphalt 2
Darley Dale stonework 34
Diatomaceous earth concrete 6
Diatomaceous earth concrete
blockwork, lightweight/flue brickwork 5
Domelights, plastics 25
Douglas fir 30
Drain pipes 14, 20, 21
Ebonite, expanded 26
Eelgrass quilt 25
Exfoliated vermiculite 30
Expanded clay aggregates 1
Expanded ebonite 26
Expanded metal, steel
concrete reinforcement 6
general purposes 7
lathing 11
plastering 7
Expanded plastics
polystyrene 24
PVC 24
Expanded rubber 26
Page
Fabric, steel 27
Felspar, thermal capacity roof covering 29
Felt, asbestos 1
Felt, roofing, bitumen, asbestos base
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 3
self-finished 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, fibre base
coated and sanded 3
mineral surfaced 3
sanded 2
sanded fluxed pitch 3
saturated 2
saturated fluxed pitch 3
self-finished 3
reinforced 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, glass fibre base, mineral surfaced 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, impregnated
flax, black
sarking 3
sheating 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, impregnated
flax, brown
inodorous 3
sheathing 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, impregnated
hair
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
Felt, insulating 7
Fibre, acoustic, wall tiling 36
Fibre, building board
acoustic 7
hardboard 7
laminated 7
insulating 7
Fibre felt and lead, bitumen damp-proof course 2
Fibre felt, bitumen damp-proof course 2
Fibre, glass
acoustic insulation 9
formboard 9
roof board 9
slab 9
thermal insulation 9
Fibre, glass, reinforced polyester sheet, corrugated 24
Fibre, glass, quilt 25
Fibres, sprayed, asbestos 1
Fine aggregates 1
Fir, Douglas 30
Flagstones
concrete 7
natural stone 7
Flexible PVC flooring 24
Flintlime brickwork 5
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 39
Page
Floors
hollow clay blocks 7
hollow concrete units 8
Floors, wood
block 31
hardwood 31
pitchpine 31
softwood 31
strip 31
Floor tiling
asphalt 29
clay 29
concrete 29
cork, compressed 29
hardboard faced, bitumen based 29
PVC, flexible 29
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
Flooring, asphalt 1, 29
Flooring, cork 6, 29
Flooring, pitchmastic 23
Flooring, plastics 24
flexible PVC 24
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos tiles 24
Flooring, rubber
latex-hydraulic cement sheet tiles 25
sheet 25
tiles 25
Flue lightweight, brickwork diatomaceous earth 5
Flue pipes 14
Fluxed pitch roofing felts, fibre base
saturated 3
sanded 3
Foamed plastics
phenolic resin 25
polystyrene 25
polyurethane 25
Foamed slag aggregates 1
Footpaths, asphalt 2
Footpaths, tarmacadam 28
Formboard, glass fibre 9
Galvanized steel faced plywood 13
Gauges
Birmingham 38
Standard wire 33
Zinc 34
Glass 8
armoured plate 8
cast 8
plate 8
sheet 8
wired cast 8
Glass blocks, hollow 8
Glass fibre
acoustic insulation 9
formboard 9
Page
roof board 9
slab 9
thermal insulation 9
Glass fibre base, bitumen roofing felts,
mineral surfaced 3
Glass fibre quilt 25
Glass fibre reinforced polyester sheet,
corrugated 24
Glazed pavement lights 13
Glazing, patent
aluminium bars 9
lead covered steel bars 9
Granite stonework 28
Granular cork 12
Gravels 26
Guernsey granite stonework 28
Gunmetal 9
Gutters
aluminium 10, 11
asbestos cement 9
cast iron 9
plastics 10
precast concrete 11
Gypsum panels and partitions 11
Gypsum plaster 23
Gypsum plasterboard 24
Hair, impregnated, bitumen roofing
felt
black sheathing 3
brown bitumen 3
Hair quilt 25
Hardboard faced, bitumen based floor
tiling 29
Hardboard, fibre building 7
Hardwood floors
block 31
strip 31
Hardwoods 30
Heavyweight aggregates 1
Heavyweight aggregate concrete 6
Hessian base and lead bitumen damp-proof course 2
Hessian base bitumen damp-proof course 2
Hollow blockwork
clay 4
concrete 5
Hollow clay block floors 7
Hollow concrete unit floors 8
Hollow glass blocks 8
Hydraulic lime plaster 29
Ilmenite aggregates 1
Ilmenite concrete 6
Impregnated flax, bitumen roofing felts
black roofing 3
black sheathing 3
BS 648:1964
40 © BSI 10-1999
Page
brown inodorous 3
brown sheathing 3
sarking 3
Impregnated hair, bitumen roofing felt
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
Inodorous, brown, impregnated flax, bitumen roofing felt 3
Insulating boards, fibre building 7
Insulating felt 7
Iron
cast 11
wrought 11
Kapok quilt 25
Laminated board 4
Laminated, fibre building 7
Laminboard 4
Lath, perforated, gypsum plasterboard 24
Lathing
clay 11
expanded metal, steel 11
ribbed perforated metal sheet 11
wood 11
Latex hydraulic cement flooring 25
Lead, cast 11
Lead pipes 18, 20
Lead, sheet 11
Lightweight aggregates 1
Lightweight aggregates concrete 5
Lightweight aggregates concrete block-work 4
Lightweight flue, diatomaceous earth, brickwork 5
Lightweight plaster 29
Lime plaster 23
Limestone, stonework 27, 28
Linoleum 12
Magnesium alloys
cast 12
sheet 12
wrought 12
Magnesium oxychloride 12
Magnetite aggregates 1
Magnetite concrete 6
Mansfield red stonework 28
Maple 30
Marble stonework 28
Metal, expanded, steel
concrete reinforcement 6
general purposes 7
plastering 7
Metal faced plywood 12
Mild steel 27
Mild steel sheet
corrugated 27
flat 27
Page
Mineral surfaced, asbestos base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Mineral surfaced, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Mineral surfaced, glass fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Mineral wool quilt 25
Natural aggregates 1
Natural aggregates concrete 5
No-fines concrete 6
Normal weight aggregates 1
Oak 30
Organic aggregates concrete 6
Organic aggregates concrete block-work 4
Oxychloride, magnesium 12
Panels, gypsum 11
Partitions, gypsum 11
Partitions, terrazzo 25
Pavement lights, glazed 13
Paving, terrazzo 28
Patent glazing
aluminium bars 9
lead-covered steel bars 9
Peat organic aggregate concrete block-work, walling 4
Perforated blockwork, clay 4
Perforated brickwork, clay 5
Perforated lath, gypsum plasterboard 24
Perlite aggregate plaster 23
Peterhead granite stonework 28
Phenolic resin, foamed 25
Phosphor bronze, wrought 5
Pine 30
Pipes
asbestos cement 14
aluminium 22
brass 22, 23
cast iron 13, 14
clay, salt-glazed 21
concrete 21
copper 15
drain 14, 14, 20, 21
flue 14
gas 15, 20
lead 20
pitch fibre 20
plastics 16, 17, 18
polythene 16, 17, 18
pressure 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23
PVC 18
rainwater 13, 14, 18, 20, 22
sewer 14, 20, 21
smoke 13
soil 13, 14, 15, 20
steel 16
ventilating 13, 14, 15, 20
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 41
Page
waste 13, 14, 16, 20
water 15, 16, 17, 19
Pitch fibre pipes 20
Pitchmastic flooring 23
Pitchpine, longleaf dense 30
Pitchpine floors
block 31
strip 31
Plaster
barium sulphate 23
gypsum 23
lightweight 23
lime 23
perlite aggregate 23
vermiculite aggregate 23
Plasterboard, gypsum 24
Plastics
corrugated 24
damp-proof course 25
domelights 25
expanded 24
flooring 24
foamed 25
sheet, flat 24
tiles 24
Plastics gutters 10
Plastics pipes 16, 17, 18
Plastics, tiling, floor
PVC flexible 29
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
Plastics, tiling, wall
polystyrene 30
PVC 30
Plate glass 8
Plywood 25
metal faced, aluminium 12
metal faced, steel, galvanized 13
Polystyrene
expanded 24
foamed 25
Polystyrene tiling, wall 30
Polythene pipes 16, 17
Polyurethane foamed 25
Portland cement rendering 25
Portland cement screeding 26
Portland stonework 28
Precast concrete gutters 11
Protected steel
corrugated 27
flat 27
PVC expanded 26
PVC flooring, flexible 26
PVC flooring (vinyl), asbestos tiles 26
PVC pipes 18
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos tiles 26
PVC tiling, wall 30
Page
Quilt
eelgrass 25
glass fibre 9
hair 25
kapok 25
mineral wool 25
Rainwater pipes 12, 13, 17, 20, 22
Reed thatching 29
Reinforced concrete 25
Reinforced concrete pavement lights, glazed 13
Reinforced concrete pipes 21
Reinforced, fibre based, bitumen roofing felt 3
Reinforcement, concrete, expanded metal, steel 6
Rendering, Portland cement 25
Ribbed perforated metal sheet lathing 11
Roads, asphalt 2
Roads, tarmacadam 28
Roof board, glass fibre 9
Roof tiling
clay 29
concrete 29, 30
Roofing, asphalt 2
Roofing felt, bitumen, asbestos base
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 2
self-finished 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, fibre base
coated and sanded 3
mineral surfaced 3
reinforces 3
sanded 3
sanded fluxed pitch 3
saturated 3
saturated fluxed pitch 2
self-finished 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, glass fibre base 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, impregnated
flax, black
sarking 3
sheathing 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, impregnated
flax, brown
inodorous 3
sheathing 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, impregnated
hair 3
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
Rubber
cellular 26
expanded 26
Rubber flooring
latex-hydraulic cement 25
sheet 25
tiles 25
BS 648:1964
42 © BSI 10-1999
Page
Salt-glazed clay pipes 21
Sand 1
Sands 26
Sand lime brickwork 5
Sanded, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 2
Sanded fluxed pitch, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Sandstone work 28
Sarking, black, impregnated flax, bitumen roofing felt
bitumen roofing felt 3
Saturated, asbestos base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Saturated, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 2
Saturated fluxed pitch, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Sawdust organic aggregate, concrete
blockwork, walling 4
Screeding, Portland cement 26
Self-finished, asbestos base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Self-finished, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Sewer pipes 14, 20, 21
Sheathing, black, impregnated flax, bitumen
roofing felt 3
Sheathing, brown, impregnated flax, bitumen
roofing felt 3
Sheet, aluminium, corrugated 1
Sheet, aluminium, flat 1
Sheet copper 6
Sheet, glass 8
Sheet gauges
Birmingham 33
Standard wire 33
Zinc 34
Sheet, lead 11
Sheet, magnesium alloys 12
Sheet, rubber, flooring 25
Sheet steel
corrugated 27
flat 27
Sheeting, asbestos cement, corrugated 2
Sheeting, asbestos cement, flat 2
Shingle, thermal capacity roof covering 29
Shingles, ceder wood 26
Shot, steel, aggregates 1
Shot, steel, concrete 6
Silts 27
Sintered pulverized-fuel ash aggregates 1
Slab, glass fibre 9
Slab, slate 26
Slab, straw, compressed 28
Slabs, wood wool 32
Slag, foamed, aggregates 1
Slate aggregate concrete blockwork, walling 4
Slate slab 26
Slating
Cornish 26
Welsh 26
Westmorland 26
Slating battens 2
Page
Softwood floors 31
block 31
strip 31
Softwoods 30
Soil and waste ventilating pipes 13, 14, 16, 20
Soil pipes 13, 14, 20
Soils 26, 27
Sprayed asbestos fibres 1
Spruce 30
Standard wire gauges 33
Steel
cast 27
mild 27
protected, corrugated 27
protected, flat 27
sheet, corrugated 27
sheet, flat 27
Steel, expanded metal 6
concrete reinforcement 6
general purposes 7
plastering 7
Steel fabric 27
Steel faced plywood 13
Steel pipes 16
Steel shot aggregates 1
Steel shot, concrete 6
Stone aggregate concrete blockwork, walling 4
Stone, cast 5
Stonework
Bath 27
Cornish granite 28
Darley Dale 28
granite 28
Guernsey granite 28
limestone 28
Mansfield red 28
marble 28
Peterhead granite 28
Portland 28
sandstone 28
Woolton 28
Straw slab, compressed 28
Strip copper 6
Synthetic resin bonded paper, sheet 24
Tarmacadam, roads and footpaths 28
Teak, Burma 30
Terracotta 28
Terrazzo
partitions 28
paving 28
tiles 28
Thatching, reed 29
Thermal capacity roof coverings, shingle and felspar 29
Thermal insulation, glass fibre 9
Tiles, PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 43
Page
Tiles, rubber, flooring 25
Tiles, terrazzo 28
Tiling battens 2
Tiling, floor
asphalt 29
clay 29
concrete 29
cork, compressed 29
hardboard faced, bitumen based 29
PVC, flexible 29
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
Tiling, roof
clay 29
concrete 29, 30
Tiling, wall
clay 30
fibre, acoustic 30
plastics 30
polystyrene 30
PVC 30
Timber
Burma teak 30
Douglas fir 30
fir, Douglas 30
hardwoods 30
maple 30
oak 30
pine 30
pitchpine, longleaf dense 30
softwoods 30
spruce 30
teak, Burma 30
Unreinforced concrete pipes 21
Ventilating pipes 13, 14, 16, 20
Vermiculite
crude 30
exfoliated 30
Vermiculite aggregate plaster 23
Wall tiling
clay 30
fibre, acoustic 30
Page
plastics 30
polystyrene 30
PVC 30
Wallboard, asbestos cement 2
Waste pipes 13, 14, 16, 20
Water 30, 31
Weather boarding 31
Welsh slating 26
Westmorland slating 26
Wire and sheet gauges
Birmingham 33
Standard 33
Zinc 34
Wired cast glass 8
Wood chipboard
three-layer 31
uniform 31
Wood floors, block
hardwood 31
pitchpine 31
softwood 31
Wood floors, strip
hardwood 31
pitchpine 31
softwood 31
Wood lathing 11
Wood shingles, cedar 26
Wood wool slabs 32
Woolton stonework 28
Wrought aluminium 1
Wrought copper 6
Wrought iron 11
Wrought magnesium alloys 12
Wrought phosphor bronze 5
Zinc
gauges 34
sheet 32
solid 32
BS 648:1964
BSI
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Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1
and 2
Schedule of
Weights of building
materials
UDC 691:624.045
BS 648:1964
This British Standard, having
been approved by the Building
Divisional Council, was
published under the authority
of the General Council on
31 December, 1964
© BSI 10-1999
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/19
Draft for comment D63/9318
ISBN 0 580 00808 8
Co-operating organizations
The committee responsible for the preparation of this British Standard
includes representatives from the following organizations:
Association of Municipal Corporations
D.S.I.R. — Building Research Station
District Surveyors Association
Institution of Municipal Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
National Federation of Building Trades Employers
Royal Institute of British Architects
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
105 October 1968
344 October 1969 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 i
Contents
Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Schedule 1
Appendix A Wire and sheet gauges 33
Index 36
BS 648:1964
ii © BSI 10-1999
Foreword
The title of this standard should not be taken to imply that all of the materials
quoted are necessarily used solely or even principally in building.
This schedule was first published in 1935 as an attempt to provide a solution to
the problems which had arisen through structural and other calculations being
based on different data for the weights of materials concerned. The 1949 revision
was undertaken with a view to making the information more complete by the
inclusion of certain extra materials, together with such changes in the data as
had been found to be necessary.
The present revision continues this process of improvement and development. It
contains additional new materials which have since come into use for building
purposes and amends the weights of many other materials in the light of
up-to-date information. Some materials have been introduced into the standard
which will not be present as such in a completed building but a knowledge of
whose weights is important for calculations both prior to and during the course of
execution of the works. Weights of blockwork, brickwork and stonework have,
however, been given in preference to weights of blocks, bricks and stone, as likely
to be more helpful to users in view of the main purpose of this standard. At the
same time the opportunity has been taken of including in the schedule much of
the supplementary information previously given in an appendix.
It has not been found possible to include weights for the many different forms of
composite construction coming into use, many of which are still in process of
development and capable of many variations and combinations; weights of as
many individual component materials as were feasible have, however, been
given, from which it is hoped that users will be able to derive any composite
weights required. The committee was aware, nevertheless, of certain integrally
composite materials, which are difficult to describe generically, mainly
specialized products of individual manufacturers and which it was felt to be
inadvisable to attempt to cover in a standard schedule.
The data has been recast under each alphabetically arranged main heading,
through subsidiary headings of diminishing order. The main headings generally
denote materials; however, some denote functions, where it is felt that these will
be more helpful to the reader. The alphabetical arrangement of main headings
has been perpetuated; but it has not been found possible to favour one system
universally for the sub-headings where commonness of useage has in many
instances been felt likely to be more useful; whilst dimensional criteria have been
applied to headings of lesser orders. The former column headings and rulings
have been eliminated as superflous.
The object of the schedule is to standardize the data employed in calculations
rather than to provide more exact data for this purpose. The “standard” weight of
a material, as given in the schedule, is not necessarily the mean between the
extreme weights, but a fair average value and may be regarded as sufficiently
accurate for general purposes in calculating dead loads in building work. In cases
where extreme accuracy is required the actual material to be employed should be
weighed and the most adverse conditions of use taken into account.
Wherever possible, a standard weight has been quoted, but in many instances it
has been necessary to include tolerances on each side of this figure. There were
some cases where, owing to many different densities being produced, often for as
many different purposes of equal importance, it was not possible to choose a
single notional figure of any particular significance to which tolerances might be
applied, and here a range has been given instead.
The committee having in mind the foregoing practical considerations, no weight
has been given to more than one decimal place. The use of decimals has been
standardized in preference to fractions, for dimensions as well as for weights.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 iii
Where maximum and minimum weights are given in this schedule they represent
the extremes of the samples investigated and afford some indication of the
variations in weights which may be encountered. They should not be taken as the
absolute maximum or minimum weights of the material in question.
In preparing this schedule every care has been exercised to ensure that the
standard weights represent average materials of normal composition or structure
and, where described as “as laid”, fixed in the usual manner. In general, weights
of appropriate materials relate to a moisture content state of the material when
in approximate equilibrium with the exterior atmosphere.
The references to other British Standards given in brackets in the schedule are
intended for identification only and are not to be taken to imply that the weights
have been derived from the British Standard quoted. Where the standard for the
material specifies weights, however, the figures in the schedule have in general
been based upon them.
Notwithstanding the fact that the Fifth Edition of the Standard Method of
Measurement of Building Works, which was published during the preparation of
the present schedule specifies the yard rather than the foot as the unit of
measurement in most Sections, this present schedule standardizes the use of the
foot as being most generally useful. The quotation of a 1-inch unit of thickness
has, however, been adhered to in general except where a material is normally
made principally in much lesser thicknesses.
To help overcome confusion arising from the custom of different industries using
different series of thickness gauges (i.e. Birmingham, English Zinc, and Standard
Wire) and for the sake of uniformity, the thicknesses in decimals of an inch have
been given first in the schedule followed in parentheses by the customary gauge
appropriate to the particular material. Only a few typical thicknesses used in
building have been given for each material, but the weights of other gauges may
be derived by proportional calculations using the decimal inch equivalents from
the tables given in Appendix A.
Where thicknesses of material greater than 1 in are customarily employed but the
weights are non-proportional, then the weights of a selection of representative
thicknesses have been given.
Some materials are produced in a wide range of sizes, often not solely for building
purposes and here, in order to keep the amount of space occupied within
reasonable bounds, an attempt has been made to limit the information to
representative sizes and, wherever possible, to those most commonly used in
building. The space formerly occupied by listing many sizes of some materials has
been reduced and information on other entirely different materials substituted to
take its place and so increase the general usefulness of the standard.
NOTE 1 This standard was prepared in imperial units from which the metric values were derived.
Both sets of values are of the same order of accuracy.
NOTE 2 The data given in the standard are in units of mass either per unit length, or per unit area,
or per unit volume. For most purposes of structural calculation in SI units the forces in newtons
imposed by the dead loads of the materials may be obtained by multiplying by 10 (strictly 9.80665) the
values given in kilogrammes in the schedule. The degree of approximation implied by this is
commensurate with that already indicated in the data given in the schedule, for the reasons explained
in the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
iv © BSI 10-1999
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 43 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 1
Schedule
Aggregates
Coarse
Normal weight, e.g. natural
aggregates 90 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 442 ± 160 kg/m3)
Lightweight, e.g. clinker,
foamed slag, expanded
clay and sintered
pulverized-fuel ash 20 – 50 lb/ft3 (320.4 – 800.9 kg/m3)
Heavyweight, e.g. barytes,
magnetite and ilmenite 145 ± 5 lb/ft3 (2 323 ± 80 kg/m3)
Steel shot 260 ± 10 lb/ft3 (4 245 ± 80 kg/m3)
Fine
Normal weight, e.g. sand 100 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 602 ± 160 kg/m3)
Lightweight, e.g. clinker,
foamed slag, expanded
clay and sintered
pulverized-fuel ash 35 – 65 lb/ft3 (560.6 – 1 041 kg/m3)
Heavyweight, e.g. barytes,
magnetite and ilmenite 155 ± 5 lb/ft3 (2 483 ± 80 kg/m3)
Steel shot 260 ± 10 lb/ft3 (4 165 ± 160 kg/m3)
Combined (“all-in” ballast) 125 ± 5 lb/ft3 (2 002 ± 80 kg/m3)
Aluminium
Cast 173 lb/ft3 (2 771 kg/m3)
Wrought forms
Sheet
Flat 0.048 in (18 SWG) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.028 in (22 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
Corrugated (BS 2855)
(including 20 per cent added
weight for laps “as laid”)
0.048 in (18 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.028 in (22 SWG) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Other wrought forms 173 lb/ft3 (2 771 kg/m3)
Asbestos
Felt per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Fibres, sprayed (including binder) 5–15 lb/ft3 (80–240 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
2 © BSI 10-1999
Asbestos cement
Sheeting
Flat 0.25 in (6.4 mm)
Wallboard 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
Semi-compressed 2.3 lb/ft2 (11.2 kg/m2)
Fully-compressed 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
Corrugated
(including 10 per cent added weight for laps)
Corrugations 2.875 in (73.0 mm)
pitch (BS 690) 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
Corrugations 5.75 in (146.1 mm)
pitch (BS 690) 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
3.5 in (88.9 mm) corrugations,
15 in (381.0 mm) pitch
(BS 690) 4.5 lb/ft2 (21.9 kg/m2)
Asphalt
Roofing 2 layers, 0.75 in
(19.1 mm) (BS 988 and BS 1162) 8.6 lb/ft2 (41.9 kg/m2)
Damp-proofing (BS 1097 and BS 1418)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 8.3 lb/ft2 (40.5 kg/m2)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) 11.0 lb/ft2 (53.7 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 12.4 lb/ft2 (60.5 kg/m2)
Flooring (BS 1076, BS 1410 and BS 1451)
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 11 ± 1 lb/ft2 (53.7 ± 4.9 kg/m2)
Road and footpaths (BS 594 and BS 1446)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 9.0 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
Battens
Slating and tiling, 1.5 in × 0.75 in
(38.1 mm × 19.1 mm) softwood
4 in (101.6 mm) gauge 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Bitumen damp-proof courses (BS 743)
Hessian base (Type 5A) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Fibre felt (Type 5B) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Asbestos based (Type 5C) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Hessian base and lead (Type 5D) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Fibre felt and lead (Type 5E) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Asbestos base and lead (Type 5F) 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Bitumen roofing felts (BS 747)
Bitumen felts (fibre base)
Saturated bitumen (Type 1A) 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Sanded bitumen (Type 1B) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 3
Bitumen roofing felts (cont)
Bitumen felts (fibre base) (cont)
Self-finished bitumen (Type 1C) 0.2a lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
0.3a lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
0.4a lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5a lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.6a lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Coated and sanded bitumen felt
(Type 1D) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Mineral surfaced bitumen (Type 1E) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Reinforced bitumen felt (Type 1F) 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Bitumen felts (asbestos base)
Saturated bitumen asbestos
(Type 2A) 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Self-finished asbestos (Type 2B) 0.3a lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
0.4a lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.5a lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
Mineral surfaced bitumen
asbestos (Type 2C) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Fluxed pitch felts (fibre base)
Saturated fluxed pitch (Type 3A) 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Sanded fluxed pitch (Type 3B) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Impregnated flax felts and hair felts
Impregnated flax (Type 4A)
Black
Roofing 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Sarking 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
Black sheathing 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Brown
No. I Inodorous 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
No. 2 Inodorous 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Brown sheathing 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Impregnated hair (Type 4B)
Black
Black hair sheathing 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Brown
Brown bituminous hair 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Bitumen felts (glass fibre base)
Bitumen glass fibre (Type 5A) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Mineral surfaced bitumen glass
fibre (Type 5B) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Blockwork, walling
Clay
Hollow, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
a When fine sand is used in lieu of talc this weight is increased by approximately 0.1 lb. (0.5 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
4 © BSI 10-1999
Blockwork, walling (cont)
Clay (cont)
Perforated (approximately 50 per cent
perforated)
Medium density, per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 5.8 lb/ft2 (28.3 kg/m2)
High density, per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 6.7 lb/ft2 (32.7 kg/m2)
Concrete
Ballast and stone aggregate
Cellular per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 8.3 lb/ft2 (40.5 kg/m2)
Hollow per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7.1 lb/ft2 (34.7 kg/m2)
Solid per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick
Stone aggregate 11.2 lb/ft2 (54.7 kg/m2)
Slate aggregate 10.0 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Lightweight aggregate
Cellular per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 5.9 lb/ft2 (28.8 kg/m2)
Hollow per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
Solid per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 6.6 lb/ft2 (32.2 kg/m2)
Aerated
Based on 35 lb/ft3 (560.6 kg/m3)
density
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 3.0 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
Based on 50 lb/ft3 (800.9 kg/m3)
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
Organic aggregates e.g. sawdust,
peat, etc.
Based on 80 lb/ft3 (1281.5 kg/m3)
density
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7 lb/ft2 (34.2 kg/m2)
Diatomaceous earth
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 6.8 lb/ft2 (33.2 kg/m2)
2½ in (63.5 mm) thick 7.9 lb/ft2 (38.6 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 9.0 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 10.9 lb/ft2 (53.2 kg/m2)
4½ in (114.3 mm) thick 11.6 lb/ft2 (56.6 kg/m2)
Board, laminated (i.e. battenboard,
blockboard and laminboard)
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.3 ± 0.2 lb/ft2 (11.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2)
Brass
Copper 60 per cent, zinc 40 per cent
(CZ 123 of BS 2870) 526 lb/ft3 (8 426 kg/m3)
Copper 70 per cent, zinc 30 per cent
(CZ 106 of BS 2870) 532 lb/ft3 (8 522 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 5
Brickwork
Clay
Solid, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick
Low density 10.4 lb/ft2 (50.8 kg/m2)
Medium density 11.2 lb/ft2 (54.7 kg/m2)
High density 12.1 lb/ft2 (59.1 kg/m2)
Perforated, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick
Low density
25 per cent voids 7.9 lb/ft2 (38.6 kg/m2)
15 per cent voids 8.8 lb/ft2 (43.0 kg/m2)
Medium density
25 per cent voids 8.3 lb/ft2 (40.5 kg/m2)
15 per cent voids 9.6 lb/ft2 (46.9 kg/m2)
High density
25 per cent voids 9.2 lb/ft2 (44.9 kg/m2)
15 per cent voids 10.0 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Concrete, per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2)
Lightweight/Flue
Diatomaceous earth, per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
Calcium silicate (sand lime and
flint lime)
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 10.4 lb/ft2 (50.8 kg/m2)
Bronze, phosphor, wrought
(BS 369 and BS 407) 558 lb/ft3 (8 938 kg/m3)
Carpet
(2.9 kg/m2)
Cast stone 140 lb/ft3 (2 243 kg/m3)
Cement 90 lb/ft3 (1 442 kg/m3)
Concrete
Aerated
Brick aggregate 125 ± 10 lb/ft3 (2 002 ± 160 kg/m3)
Natural aggregates 144 lb/ft3 (2 307 kg/m3)
Lightweight aggregates
Normal 70 ± 30 lb/ft3 (1 121 ± 481 kg/m3)
Structural
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
î í ì
î í ì
î í ì
0.6 +0.1
–0.2 lb/ft2 +0.5
–1.0
40 +60
–10 lb/ft3 641 +961
–160
kg/m3
è ø
æ ö
110 +15
–10
lb/ft3 1 762 +240
–160
kg/m3
è ø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
6 © BSI 10-1999
Concrete (cont)
Heavy weight aggregates
e.g. barytes, ilmenite,
magnetite, etc. 200 ± 10 lb/ft3 (3 204 ± 160 kg/m3)
Steel shot 330 ± 15 lb/ft3 (5 286 ± 240 kg/m3)
No-fines 110 ± 5 lb/ft3 (1 762 ± 80 kg/m3)
Organic aggregate 80 ± 35 lb/ft3 (1 281 ± 561 kg/m3)
Diatomaceous earth
Copper
Cast 545 lb/ft3 (8 730 kg/m3)
Wrought
Sheet and strip
0.048 in (18 SWG) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.8 kg/m2)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
0.028 in (22 SWG) 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Other wrought forms 558 lb/ft3 (8 938 kg/m3)
Cork
Granular, 0.188 in (4.8 mm) size,
loosely packed 7.5 lb/ft3 (120 kg/m3)
Board
Normal per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Semi-compressed per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Compressed per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Flooring per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Expanded metal, steel
For concrete reinforcement (BS 1221)
References (BS 1221)
327 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
331 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
332 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
348 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
351 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
352 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
80 +7
4 –
lb/ft3 1 281 +112
– 64
kg/m 3
è ø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 7
Expanded metal, steel (cont)
For plastering (BS 1369 and BS 405)
References
24 gauge (BS 1369) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
XM 104 (BS 405) 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
XM 125 (BS 405) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
For general purposes (BS 405)
References (BS 405)
XM 46 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
XM 51 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
XM 75 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
XM 79 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
XM 104 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
XM 125 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Felt
Insulating per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Fibre building board
Insulating boards 0.5 in (12.7 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Hardboard
Normal 0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Tempered 0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Laminated 0.188 in (4.8 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Acoustic (unfaced) 0.5 in (12.7 mm) 0.7–1.0 lb/ft2 (3.4–4.9 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 0.9–1.4 lb/ft2 (4.4–6.8 kg/m2)
Flagstones
Concrete
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 24 lb/ft2 (117 kg/m2)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) thick 30 lb/ft2 (146 kg/m2)
Natural stone
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 28 lb/ft2 (137 kg/m2)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) thick 35 lb/ft2 (171 kg/m2)
Floors
Hollow clay blocks
Without ribs (including reinforcement and mortar jointing between blocks
but excluding any concrete topping)
4 in (101.6 mm) 30 lb/ft2 (146 kg/m2)
5 in (127.0 mm) 35 lb/ft2 (171 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) 39 lb/ft2 (190 kg/m2)
7 in (177.8 mm) 47 lb/ft2 (229 kg/m2)
8 in (203.2 mm) 53 lb/ft2 (259 kg/m2)
NOTE These weights are based on the use of hollow blocks of varying size and depth. For each 1 inch (25.4 mm) of thickness of
concrete topping add 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2).
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword
BS 648:1964
8 © BSI 10-1999
Floors (cont)
Hollow clay blocks (cont)
With concrete ribs between blocks (including reinforcement but excluding
any concrete topping)
3 in (76.2 mm) 19 lb/ft2 (92.8 kg/m2)
3.5 in (88.9 mm) 22 lb/ft2 (107 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) 25 lb/ft2 (122 kg/m2)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 27 lb/ft2 (132 kg/m2)
5 in (127.0 mm) 29 lb/ft2 (142 kg/m2)
5.5 in (139.7 mm) 31 lb/ft2 (151 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) 33 lb/ft2 (161 kg/m2)
7 in (177.8 mm) 37 lb/ft2 (181 kg/m2)
8 in (203.2 mm) 41 lb/ft2 (200 kg/m2)
NOTE These weights are based on the use of blocks of varying size and depth and of lesser density than those used without concrete
ribs between the blocks.
For each 1 in (25.4 mm) thickness of concrete topping add 12 lb/ ft2 (58.6 kg/m2).
Hollow concrete units (including any concrete topping necessary for
constructional purposes)
4 in (101.6 mm) 35 lb/ft2 (171 kg/m2)
5 in (127.0 mm) 40 lb/ft2 (195 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) 45 lb/ft2 (220 kg/m2)
7 in (177.8 mm) 50 lb/ft2 (244 kg/m2)
8 in (203.2 mm) 55 lb/ft2 (269 kg/m2)
9 in (228.6 mm) 65 lb/ft2 (317 kg/m2)
Glass
Sheet
24 oz (680.4 g) 0.11 in (2.8 mm)
thick 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
32 oz (907.2 g) 0.156 in (4.0 mm)
thick 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Cast, clear plate and armoured plate
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 6.5 lb/ft2 (31.7 kg/m2)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) thick 13.3 lb/ft2 (64.9 kg/m2)
Wired cast
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 3.5 lb/ft2 (17.1 kg/m2)
Glass blocks
Hollow
(BS 1207) 3.875 in (98.4 mm) thick
8 in (203.2 mm) (20¼ blocks per yd2) 17 lb/ft2 (83.0 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) (36 blocks per yd2) 20 lb/ft2 (97.6 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 9
Glass fibre
Thermal insulation of roofs and walls
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
Acoustic insulation of floating floors
Per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick
0.2 lb/ft2 (0.1 kg/m2)
Slab
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.4–1.0 lb/ft2 (2.0–4.9 kg/m2)
Formboard
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Roof board
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Glazing, patent
[Bars at 2 ft (0.6 m) centres and wired cast glass 0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick]
Lead-covered steel bars
Spans up to 6 ft (1.8 m) 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
Spans 6 ft to 11 ft (1.8–3.4 m) 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Aluminium bars
Spans up to 11 ft (3.4 m) 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
Gunmetal 553 lb/ft3 (8 858 kg/m3)
Gutters
Cast iron (BS 1205)
Half-round 3 in (76.2 mm) 1.8 lb/ft (2.7 kg/m)
of effective length
4 in (101.6 mm) 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 2.4 lb/ft (3.6 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 2.7 lb/ft (4.0 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) 3.2 lb/ft (4.8 kg/m)
Ogee 4 in (101.6 mm) 2.4 lb/ft (3.6 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 2.8 lb/ft (4.2 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 3.1 lb/ft (4.6 kg/m)
Asbestos cement
Half-round 3 in (76.2 mm) 1.4 lb/ft (2.1 kg/m)
of effective length
4 in (101.6 mm) 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 2.4 lb/ft (3.6 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) 2.9 lb/ft (4.3 kg/m)
8 in (203.2 mm) 3.9 lb/ft (5.8 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
10 © BSI 10-1999
Gutters (cont)
Asbestose cement (cont)
Ogee 4 in (101.6 mm) 2.5 lb/ft (3.7 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) 3.0 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) 3.0 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) 3.5 lb/ft (5.2 kg/m)
8 in (203.2 mm) 5.1 lb/ft (7.6 kg/m)
Plastics
PVC 4 in (101.6 mm) 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Aluminium
Half-round, 6 ft (1.8 m) lengths
4 in (101.6 mm)
Cast 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm)
Cast 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm)
Cast 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
6 in (152.4)
Cast 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Ogee, 6 ft (1.8 m) lengths
4 in (101.6 mm)
Cast 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm)
Cast 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm)
Cast 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
Wrought 0.08 in (14 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
Rectangular, 6 ft (1.8 m) lengths
4 in × 2 in (101.6 mm × 50.8 mm)
Wrought 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4 in × 3 in (101.6 mm × 76.2 mm)
Cast 1.5 lb/ft (2.2 kg/m)
5 in × 2½ in (127.0 mm × 63.5 mm)
Wrought 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
5 in × 4 in (127.0 mm × 101.6 mm)
Cast 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 11
Gutters (cont)
Aluminium (cont)
6 in × 3 in (152.4 mm × 76.2 mm)
Wrought 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
Precast concrete
22 in (558.8 mm) on bed and
7 in (177.8 mm) high 62 ± 2 lb/ft (92 ± 3 kg/m)
Gypsum panels and partitions
Building panels
3 in thick (76.2 mm) 9 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
4 in thick (101.6 mm) 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
5 in thick (127.0 mm) 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2)
6 in thick (152.4 mm) 13 lb/ft2 (63.5 kg/m2)
Dry partition
2.25 in (57.2 mm) thick 4.2 lb/ft2 (20.5 kg/m2)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) thick 5.3 lb/ft2 (25.9 kg/m2)
Iron
Cast 450 lb/ft3 (7 208 kg/m3)
Wrought 480 lb/ft3 (7 689 kg/m3)
Lathing
Wood 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Expanded metal, steel
For plastering (BS 1369 and BS 405)
References
24 gauge (BS 1369) 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
XM 104 (BS 405) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
XM 125 (BS 405) 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
Ribbed perforated metal sheet
0.015 in (28 BG) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.019 in (26 BG) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.024 in (24 BG) 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Clay 1 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Lead
Sheet (BS 1178)
0.067 in (1.7 mm) 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
0.084 in (2.1 mm) 5.0 lb/ft2 (24.4 kg/m2)
0.101 in (2.6 mm) 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
0.118 in (3.0 mm) 7.0 lb/ft2 (34.2 kg/m2)
Cast 707 lb/ft3 (11 325 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
12 © BSI 10-1999
Linoleum
(BS 810)
3.2 mm 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
4.5 mm 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
6.7 mm 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Magnesium alloys
Cast 108 lb/ft3 (1 730 kg/m3)
Wrought
Sheet, flat
3 SWG 2.4 lb/ft2 (11.8 kg/m2)
10 SWG 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
16 SWG 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
20 SWG 0.3 lb/ft2 (1.5 kg/m2)
Other wrought forms 108 lb/ft3 (1 730 kg/m3)
Magnesium oxychloride
Normal type (sawdust filler)
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7.2 ± 0.6 lb/ft2 (35.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2)
Heavy duty type (mineral filler)
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 11 ± 0.6 lb/ft2 (53.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2)
Metal faced plywood
Aluminium
0.188 in (4.8 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
0.375 in (9.5 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 13
Metal faced plywood (cont)
Galvanized steel
0.188 in (4.8 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
0.375 in (9.5 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 1.9 lb/ft2 (9.3 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) thick
Faced 1 side 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
Faced 2 sides 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
Pavement lights, glazed
Cast iron or reinforced concrete 25 ± 5 lb/ft2 (122.1 ± 24.4 kg/m2)
Pipes
Cast iron
Rainwater (BS 460)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) nominal size 3.3 lb/ft (4.9 kg/m)
3.0 in (76.2 mm) nominal size 4.0 lb/ft (6.0 kg/m)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size 5.2 lb/ft (7.7 kg/m)
Flue or smoke (BS 41)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size 6.0 lb/ft (8.9 kg/m)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) nominal size 6.7 lb/ft (10.0 kg/m)
5.0 in (127.0 mm) nominal size 8.3 lb/ft (12.4 kg/m)
6.0 in (152.4 mm) nominal size 11.3 lb/ft (16.8 kg/m)
7.0 in (177.8 mm) nominal size 15.2 lb/ft (22.6 kg/m)
8.0 in (203.2 mm) nominal size 19.7 lb/ft (29.3 kg/m)
9.0 in (228.6 mm) nominal size 25.3 lb/ft (37.7 kg/m)
10.0 in (254.0 mm) nominal size 31.3 lb/ft (46.6 kg/m)
12.0 in (304.8 mm) nominal size 42.7 lb/ft (63.5 kg/m)
Soil, waste and ventilating (BS 416)
Medium
3.0 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 6.2 lb/ft (9.2 kg/m)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 8.0 lb/ft (11.9 kg/m)
6.0 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 12.2 lb/ft (18.2 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
14 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Cast iron (cont)
Soil, waste and ventilating (BS 416) (cont)
Heavy
3.0 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 6.8 lb/ft (10.1 kg/m)
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 9.0 lb/ft (13.4 kg/m)
Extra heavy
4.0 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 10.7 lb/ft (15.9 kg/m)
6.0 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 15.8 lb/ft (23.5 kg/m)
Drain (BS 437)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 17.5 lb/ft (26.0 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(min. int. dia.) 25.0 lb/ft (37.2 kg/m)
Asbestos cement
Rainwater ((BS 569)
3 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 3 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 4 lb/ft (6.0 kg/m)
Soil, waste and ventilating (BS 582)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 4 lb/ft (6.0 kg/m)
Drainage and sewerage (BS 3656)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
Class 3 6.1 ± 0.3 lb/ft (9.1 ± 0.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
Class 3 9.9 ± 0.5 lb/ft (14.7 ± 0.7 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm) nominal size
Class 2 14.8 ± 0.7 lb/ft (22.0 ± 1.0 kg/m)
Class 3 17.1 ± 0.9 lb/ft (25.4 ± 1.3 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm) nominal size
Class 1 22.4 ± 1.1 lb/ft (33.3 ± 1.6 kg/m)
Class 2 25.8 ± 1.3 lb/ft (38.4 ± 1.9 kg/m)
Class 3 29.9 ± 1.5 lb/ft (44.5 ± 2.2 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 15
Pipes (cont)
Asbestos cement (cont)
Pressure (BS 486)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
Classes A and B 6.7 ± 0.3 lb/ft (10.0 ± 0.4 kg/m)
Classes C and D 7.1 ± 0.4 lb/ft (10.6 ± 0.6 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
Classes A and B 9.6 ± 0.5 lb/ft (14.3 ± 0.7 kg/m)
Class C 12.7 ± 0.6 lb/ft (18.9 ± 0.9 kg/m)
Class D 14.4 ± 0.7 lb/ft (21.4 ± 1.0 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm) nominal size
Class A 15.2 ± 0.8 lb/ft (22.6 ± 1.2 kg/m)
Class B 18.1 ± 0.9 lb/ft (26.9 ± 1.3 kg/m)
Class C 23.2 ± 1.2 lb/ft (34.5 ± 1.8 kg/m)
Class D 28.2 ± 1.4 lb/ft (42.0 ± 2.1 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm) nominal size
Class A 22.4 ± 1.1 lb/ft (33.3 ± 1.6 kg/m)
Class B 26.5 ± 1.3 lb/ft (39.4 ± 1.9 kg/m)
Class C 39.3 ± 2.0 lb/ft (58.5 ± 3.0 kg/m)
Class D 50.0 ± 2.7 lb/ft (74.4 ± 4.0 kg/m)
Copper
Water supply
(average weights of tube, fittings
and clips)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nominal size 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) nominal size 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm) nominal size 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nominal size 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nominal size 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
Rainwater, soil, waste and
ventilating (BS 659)
3 in (76.2 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 3.3 lb/ft (4.9 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nominal size
(int. dia.) 5.4 lb/ft (8.0 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
16 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Steel
Screwed and socketed (BS 1387)
Light
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. bore 1.8 lb/ft (2.7 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. bore 2.2 lb/ft (3.3 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 2.8 lb/ft (4.2 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. bore 4.7 lb/ft (7.0 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. bore 6.8 lb/ft (10.1 kg/m)
Medium
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. bore 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. bore 2.5 lb/ft (3.7 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 3.5 lb/ft (5.2 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. bore 5.8 lb/ft (8.6 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. bore 8.3 lb/ft (12.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. bore 13.3 lb/ft (19.8 kg/m)
Heavy
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. bore 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. bore 3.0 lb/ft (4.5 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 4.2 lb/ft (6.3 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. bore 6.9 lb/ft (10.3 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. bore 9.9 lb/ft (14.7 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. bore 14.7 lb/ft (21.9 kg/m)
Add 5 per cent extra if galvanized.
Soil waste and ventilating
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.5 lb/ft (3.7 kg/m)
Plastics
Polythene
General purposes
Light
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.04 lb/ft (0.06 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Medium
0.438 in (11.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.06 lb/ft (0.09 kg/m)
0.875 in (22.2 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
2.25 in (57.2 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 17
Pipes (cont)
Plastics (cont)
Polythene (cont)
General purposes (cont)
Heavy
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
High density
Class B
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.06 lb/ft (0.09 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Class C
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.08 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
Class D
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Cold water
Normal
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nom. bore 0.07 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) nom. bore 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2.0 in (50.8 mm) nom. bore 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
18 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Plastics (cont)
Polythene (cont)
High density (cont)
Heavy
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nom. bore 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1.0 in (25.4 mm) nom. bore 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
Rainwater
2.5 in (63.5 mm) nom. size 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
Soil
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
PVC
Cold water supply (BS 3505)
Class AA
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 2.1 lb/ft (3.1 kg/m)
Class B
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
Class C
1 in (25.4 mm) nom. size 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 3.7 lb/ft (5.5 kg/m)
Class D
0.5 in (12.7 mm) nom. size 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm) nom. size 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size 2.2 lb/ft (3.3 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size 4.8 lb/ft (7.1 kg/m)
Lead (BS 602)
Pressure
Service pipes above ground
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia.
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia.
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
1.7 +1.3
–0.3 lb/ft 2.5 +1.9
è –0.4 kg/mø
æ ö
3.7 + 1.3
–2.0 lb/ft 5.5 +1.9
è –3.0 kg/mø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 19
Pipes (cont)
Lead (BS 602) (cont)
Pressure (cont)
Service pipes above ground (cont)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia.
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia.
Cold water distributing pipes
above ground
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.3 lb/ft (1.9 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.3–2.7 lb/ft (3.4–4.0 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 3.0–4.0 lb/ft (4.5–6.0 kg/m)
Hot water distributing pipes
above ground
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.3–1.7 lb/ft (1.9–2.5 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.7–3.3 lb/ft (2.5–4.9 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.7–6.0 lb/ft (4.0–8.9 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 4.0–9.3 lb/ft (6.0–13.8 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
5.3 +1.7
–2.7
lb/ft 7.9 +2.5
è –4.0 kg/mø
æ ö
9.3 + 0
– 4.7
lb/ft 13.8 +0
è –7.0 kg¤ mø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
20 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Lead (cont)
Pressure (cont)
Gas pipes
0.375 in (9.5 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
0.5 in (12.7 mm)
nom. int. dia. 0.7–1.0 lb/ft (1.0–1.5 kg/m)
0.625 (15.9 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.0–1.2 lb/ft (1.5–1.8 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1.3–1.7 lb/ft (1.9–2.5 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.0–2.3 lb/ft (3.0–3.4 kg/m)
1.25 in (31.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 2.3–3.0 lb/ft (3.4–4.5 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm)
nom. int. dia. 3.0–4.0 lb/ft (4.5–6.0 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 4.0–5.3 lb/ft (6.0–7.9 kg/m)
Non–pressure
Rainwater, soil, waste and
soil-and-waste ventilating pipes
1.25 in (31.8 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) nom. int. dia. 2.3 lb/ft (3.4 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. int. dia. 3.3 lb/ft (4.9 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. int. dia. 5.0 lb/ft (7.4 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. int. dia. 6.3 lb/ft (9.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. int. dia. 11.3 lb/ft (16.8 kg/m)
Pitch fibre
(complete with couplings)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 2.0 lb/ft (3.0 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 2.6 lb/ft (3.9 kg/m)
5 in (127.0 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 4.3 lb/ft (6.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) nom. size
(min. int. dia.) 5.0 lb/ft (7.4 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 21
Pipes (cont)
Clay, salt-glazed (BS 65 and BS 540)
3 in (76.2 mm) int. dia. 8 lb/ft (11.9 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) int. dia 11 lb/ft (16.4 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm) int. dia. 17 lb/ft (25.3 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm) int. dia. 27 lb/ft (40.2 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm) int. dia. 46 lb/ft (68.5 kg/m)
Concrete
Unreinforced or reinforced (BS 556)
Spigot and socket
4 in (101.6 mm)
nom. int. dia. 21–22 lb/ft (31.3–32.7 kg/m)
6 in (152.4 mm)
nom. int. dia 28–32 lb/ft (41.7–47.6 kg/m)
9 in (228.6 mm)
nom. int. dia. 45–50 lb/ft (67.0–74.4 kg/m)
12 in (304.8 mm)
nom. int. dia. 70–78 lb/ft (104.2–116.1 kg/m)
15 in (381.0 mm)
nom. int. dia. 95–102 lb/ft (141.4–151.8 kg/m)
18 in (457.2 mm)
nom. int. dia. 125–133 lb/ft (186.0–197.9 kg/m)
24 in (609.6 mm)
nom. int. dia. 202–210 lb/ft (300.6–312.5 kg/m)
30 in (762.0 mm)
nom. int. dia. 281–315 lb/ft (418.2–468.8 kg/m)
36 in (914.4 mm)
nom. int. dia. 370–392 lb/ft (550.6–583.4 kg/m)
48 in (1 219 mm)
nom. int. dia. 630–644 lb/ft (937.5–958.4 kg/m)
54 in (1 372 mm)
nom. int. dia. 785–905 lb/ft (1 168–1 347 kg/m)
60 in (1 524 mm)
nom. int. dia. 925–975 lb/ft (1 377–1 451 kg/m)
72 in (1 829 mm)
nom. int. dia. 1 296 lb/ft (1 929 kg/m)
NOTE For pipes with ogee joints, i.e. without a collar, deduct 10 per cent from the above weights.
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
22 © BSI 10-1999
Pipes (cont)
Aluminium
Rainwater, with ears (BS 2997)
2 in (50.8 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
Light, 0.028 in (22 SWG)
min. thickness 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
2.5 in (63.5 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
Light, 0.028 in (22 SWG)
min. thickness 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 1.6 lb/ft (2.4 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
Light, 0.028 in (22 SWG)
min. thickness 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) nom. int. dia.
Cast 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
Wrought
Heavy, 0.048 in (18 SWG)
min. thickness 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Brass
0.5 in (12.7 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.1 lb/ft (0.1 kg/m)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.2 lb/ft (0.3 kg/m)
1 in (25.4 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.7 lb/ft (1.0 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 23
Pipes (cont)
Brass (cont)
1.25 in (31.8 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 0.9 lb/ft (1.3 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.3 lb/ft (0.4 kg/m)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 1.1 lb/ft (1.6 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.6 lb/ft (0.9 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.4 lb/ft (0.6 kg/m)
2 in (50.8 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 1.4 lb/ft (2.1 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.5 lb/ft (0.7 kg/m)
3 in (76.2 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 2.2 lb/ft (3.3 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 1.2 lb/ft (1.8 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 0.8 lb/ft (1.2 kg/m)
4 in (101.6 mm) outs. dia.
0.064 in (16 SWG) 2.9 lb/ft (4.3 kg/m)
0.036 in (20 SWG) 1.7 lb/ft (2.5 kg/m)
0.022 in (24 SWG) 1.0 lb/ft (1.5 kg/m)
Pitchmastic
Flooring
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 11.1 ± 1.1 lb/ft (16.5 ± 1.6 kg/m)
Plaster
Gypsum
Two coat, 0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick
Normal sanded undercoat and
neat finishing 4.5 lb/ft2 (22.0 kg/m2)
One coat, 0.2 in (5.1 mm) thick,
neat gypsum 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
Lime (non-hydraulic and hydraulic)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 5.0 lb/ft2 (24.4 kg/m2)
Barium sulphate 0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 8.0 lb/ft2 (39.1 kg/m2)
Lightweight
Perlite aggregate, 2 coat, 0.5 in
(12.7 mm) thick 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Vermiculite aggregate, 2 coat, 0.5 in
(12.7 mm) thick 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
24 © BSI 10-1999
Plasterboard, gypsum
Solid core
0.375 in (9.5 mm) 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2.3 lb/ft2 (11.2 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 3.5 lb/ft2 (17.1 kg/m2)
Perforated lath
0.375 in (9.5 mm) 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
Plastics
Flooring
Flexible PVC
0.062 in (1.6 mm) 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.100 in (2.5 mm) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos tiles
0.062 in (1.6 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.100 in (2.5 mm) 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
0.188 in (4.8 mm) 2.1 lb/ft2 (10.3 kg/m2)
Flat sheet
Acrylic
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Cellulose acetate
0.063 in (1.6 mm) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Synthetic resin bonded paper
Melamine faced 0.063 in
(1.6 mm) thick 0.4–0.5 lb/ft2 (2.0–2.4 kg/m2)
Corrugated (including
Allowance for laps)
Acrylic 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
Glass-fibre reinforced polyester 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
PVC 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
Expanded and foamed
Expanded PVC per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 0.3 ± 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2)
Expanded polystyrene per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 25
Plastics (cont)
Expanded and foamed (cont)
Foamed polystyrene per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 ± 0.02 lb/ft2 (0.5 ± 0.1 kg/m2)
Foamed polyurethane per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.5 ± 0.3 lb/ft2 (2.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2)
Foamed phenolic resin per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.3 ± 0.1 lb/ft2 (1.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2)
Domelights
Acrylic
0.188 in (4.8 mm) 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Damp-proof course
Polythene 0.02 in (0.5 mm) nom.
thickness 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
Plywood
Per mm thick 0.125 ± 0.025 lb/ft2 (0.6 ± 0.1 kg/m2)
Quilt
Eelgrass per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 0.3–0.4 lb/ft2 (1.5–2.0 kg/m2)
Glass fibre per 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 0.2 lb/ft2 (1.0 kg/m2)
Hair per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1 ± 0.1 lb/ft2 (4.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2)
Kapok per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 0.1 lb/ft2 (0.5 kg/m2)
Mineral wool per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 0.7 ± 0.3 lb/ft2 (3.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2)
Reinforced concrete 150 lb/ft3 (2 403 kg/m3)
Rendering
Portland cement : sand (1 : 3)
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 6.0 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Rubber
Flooring
Sheet or tiles
0.125 in (3.2 mm) 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
0.188 in (4.8 mm) 1.7 lb/ft2 (8.3 kg/m2)
0.25 in (6.4 mm) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
0.375 in (9.5 mm) 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
Latex-hydraulic cement
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 2.6 ± 0.3 lb/ft2 (12.7 ± 1.5 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
26 © BSI 10-1999
Rubber (cont)
Cellular
Expanded
Light density [max. static load
1.5 lbf/in2 (0.10 kgf/cm2)]
per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Standard density [max. static
load 2 lbf/in2 (0.14 kgf/cm2)]
per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
Heavy density [max. static load
7.5 lbf/in2 (0.53 kgf/cm2)]
per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.5 lb/ft2 (12.2 kg/m2)
Expanded ebonite per 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Sand 100 ± 5 lb/ft3 (1 602 ± 80 kg/m3)
Screeding
Portland cement : sand (1 : 3) 0.5 in
(12.7 mm) thick 6 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Shingles
Cedar wood 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
Slate
Slab (Westmorland, etc.) 1 in
(25.4 mm) thick 15 lb/ft2 (73.2 kg/m2)
Slating (including 3 in (76.2 mm)
laps and nails)
Welsh
Thin 5 lb/ft2 (24.4 kg/m2
Thick 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Westmorland
Thin 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Thick 16 lb/ft2 (78.1 kg/m2)
Cornish
Thin 6 lb/ft2 (29.3 kg/m2)
Thick 10 lb/ft2 (48.8 kg/m2)
Soils
Non-cohesive (or granular)
i.e. sands and gravels
Loose 115 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 842 ± 160 kg/m3)
Dense 130 ± 10 lb/ft3 (2 082 ± 160 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 27
Soils (cont)
Cohesive, i.e. silts and clays
Soft 100 ± 15 lb/ft3 (1 602 ± 240 kg/m3)
Firm 110 ± 10 lb/ft3 (1 762 ± 160 kg/m3)
Stiff 125 ± 10 lb/ft3 (2 002 ± 160 kg/m3)
Steel
Mild
Solid 490 lb/ft3 (7 849 kg/m3)
Sheet
Corrugated (including 20 per
cent for laps “as laid”)
0.05 in (18 BG) 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
Flat 0.05 in (18 BG) 2.0 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Protected
Corrugated (including 20 per
cent for laps “as laid”)
0.039 in (20 BG) 3.2 lb/ft2 (15.6 kg/m2)
Flat 0.039 in (20 BG) 2.2 lb/ft2 (10.7 kg/m2)
Cast 490 lb/ft3 (7 849 kg/m3)
Fabric
(BS 1221, Table 1, Table 2 or Table 4)
Oblong Mesh
References (BS 1221)
101, 201 and 401 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
103, 203 and 403 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
106, 206 and 406 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
108, 208 and 408 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
109, 209 and 409 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
113 0.2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Square mesh
References (BS 1221)
121, 221 and 421 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
123, 223 and 423 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
124, 224 and 424 0.6 lb/ft2 (2.9 kg/m2)
125, 225 and 425 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
Stonework, natural
Limestone
Light, e.g. Bathstone 130 lb/ft3 (2 082 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 43 lb/ft2 (209.9 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 65 lb/ft2 (317.4 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
28 © BSI 10-1999
Stonework, natural (cont)
Limestone (cont)
Medium, e.g. Portland stone 140 lb/ft3 (2 243 kg/m3)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 35 lb/ft2 (170.9 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 47 lb/ft2 (229.5 kg/m2)
Heavy, e.g. marble 170 lb/ft3 (2 723 kg/m3)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) thick 10.5 lb/ft2 (51.3 kg/m2)
1.5 in (38.1 mm) thick 21 lb/ft2 (102.5 kg/m2)
Sandstone
Light, e.g. Woolton 137 lb/ft3 (2 195 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 46 lb/ft2 (224.6 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 69 lb/ft2 (336.9 kg/m2)
Medium, e.g. Darley Dale 145 lb/ft3 (2 323 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 48 lb/ft2 (234.4 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 73 lb/ft2 (356.4 kg/m2)
Heavy, e.g. Mansfield Red 150 lb/ft3 (2 403 kg/m3)
4 in (101.6 mm) thick 50 lb/ft2 (244.1 kg/m2)
6 in (152.4 mm) thick 75 lb/ft2 (366.2 kg/m2)
Granite
Light, e.g. Peterhead 162 lb/ft3 (2 595 kg/m3)
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 27 lb/ft2 (131.8 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 40 lb/ft2 (195.3 kg/m2)
Medium, e.g. Cornish 165 lb/ft3 (2 643 kg/m3)
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 28 lb/ft2 (136.7 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) thick 41 lb/ft2 (200.2 kg/m2)
Heavy, e.g. Guernsey 183 lb/ft3 (2 931 kg/m3)
2 in (50.8 mm) thick 30 lb/ft2 (146.5 kg/m2)
3 in (76.2 mm) 46 lb/ft2 (224.6 kg/m2)
NOTE For cramps add 5 lb/ft3 (80.1 kg/m3)
Straw slab, compressed
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 2.0 ± 0.2 lb/ft2 (9.8 ± 1.0 kg/m2)
Tarmacadam
Roads and footpaths 1 in (25.4 mm)
thick 12 lb/ft2 (58.6 kg/m2)
Terra cotta, solid 132 lb/ft3 (2 114 kg/m3)
Terrazzo
Paving 0.625 in (15.9 mm) 6.7 ± 0.7 lb/ft2 (32.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2)
Tiles
1 in (25.4 mm) 10 ± 1.0 lb/ft2 (48.8 ± 4.9 kg/m2)
Partitions
1.5 in (38.1 mm) 16.7 ± 1.7 lb/ft2 (81.5 ± 8.3 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 29
Thatching
Reed (including battens) 1 ft
(304.8 mm) thick 8.5 lb/ft2 (41.5 kg/m2)
Thermal capacity roof coverings
Shingle and felspar
Per 1 in (25.4 mm) thick 7.5 lb/ft2 (36.6 kg/m2)
Tiling, floor
Asphalt 0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.3 lb/ft2 (6.3 kg/m2)
Clay
0.5 in (12.7 mm) thick 5.6 lb/ft2 (27.3 kg/m2)
0.875 in (22.2 mm) thick 9.2 lb/ft2 (44.9 kg/m2)
Cork compressed
0.25 in (6.4 mm) thick 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
Hardboard faced, bitumen based
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
PVC flexible
0.062 in (1.6 mm) thick 0.5 lb/ft2 (2.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) thick 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.1 in (2.5 mm) thick 0.8 lb/ft2 (3.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.0 lb/ft2 (4.9 kg/m2)
PVC (vinyl) asbestos
0.062 in (1.6 mm) thick 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
0.080 in (2.0 mm) thick 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.1 in (2.5 mm) thick 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
0.125 in (3.2 mm) thick 1.4 lb/ft2 (6.8 kg/m2)
0.188 in (4.8 mm) thick 2.1 lb/ft2 (10.3 kg/m2)
Concrete 0.625 in (15.9 mm) thick 7.8 lb/ft2 (38.1 kg/m2)
Tiling, roof
Clay
Plain
Machine made, 4 in
(101.6 mm) gauge 13.0 lb/ft2 (63.5 kg/m2)
Hand made, 4 in
(101.6 mm) gauge 14.5 lb/ft2 (70.8 kg/m2)
Single lap (interlocking) 8 ± 1 lb/ft2 (39.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2)
Concrete
Slate aggregate 12 in
(304.8 mm) gauge 9.0 lb/ft2 (43.9 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
30 © BSI 10-1999
Tiling, roof (cont)
Concrete (cont)
Stone aggregate
Plain, 3 in (76.2 mm) gauge 19.0 lb/ft2 (92.8 kg/m2)
4 in (101.6 mm) gauge 14.0 lb/ft2 (68.4 kg/m2)
4.5 in (114.3 mm) gauge 12.5 lb/ft2 (61.0 kg/m2)
Interlocking (single lap) 10 ± 1.5 lb/ft2 (48.8 ± 7.3 kg/m2)
Tiling, wall
Clay 0.375 in (9.5 mm) thick 4.0 lb/ft2 (19.5 kg/m2)
Fibre, acoustic 0.75 in
(19.1 mm) thick 1.1 lb/ft2 (5.4 kg/m2)
Plastics
Polystyrene
Dense 0.070 in (1.8 mm)
(BS 2552) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
Expanded 0.188 in (4.8 mm) 0.4 lb/ft2 (2.0 kg/m2)
PVC 0.060 in (1.5 mm) 0.7 lb/ft2 (3.4 kg/m2)
Timber
Softwoods, e.g. pine, spruce,
Douglas fir
Pitchpine, longleaf dense 42 lb/ft3 (672.8 kg/m3)
Hardwoods, e.g. Burma teak,
oak, maple
Vermiculite
Exfoliated
Fine aggregate for plaster 8–10 lb/ft3 (128.1–160.2 kg/m3)
Coarse aggregate for plaster 5.5–7 lb/ft3 (88.1–112.1 kg/m3)
Fine aggregate for concrete 4.5–5.5 lb/ft3 (72.1–88.1 kg/m3)
Coarse aggregate for concrete
and loose fill 4–5 lb/ft3 (64.1–80.1 kg/m3)
Crude 36–55 lb/ft3 (576.7–881.0 kg/m3)
Water
1 in (25.4 mm) deep (e.g. for ponding 5.2 lb/ft2 (25.4 kg/m2)
on roofs, etc.)
(e.g. for concrete mix calculations
and weights in tanks, etc.) 62.4 lb/ft3 (1 000 kg/m3)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword
30 +7
–2 lb/ft 3 480.6 +112.1
–32.0 kg/m 3
è ø
æ ö
45 +33
–38 lb/ft 3 720.8 +528.6
–608.7 kg/m 3
è ø
æ ö
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 31
Water (cont)
1 in2 (645 mm2) cross-sectional area
(e.g. for calculations on weights
in service pipes, etc.) 0.43 lb/ft (0.64 kg/m)
Weather boarding
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
1 in (25.4 mm) 1.8 lb/ft2 (8.8 kg/m2)
Wood floors, strip
Softwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 2.3 lb/ft2 (11.2 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 2.8 lb/ft2 (13.7 kg/m2)
Pitchpine
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.1 lb/ft2 (15.1 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 3.9 lb/ft2 (19.0 kg/m2)
Hardwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.3 lb/ft2 (16.1 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 4.3 lb/ft2 (21.0 kg/m2)
NOTE All thicknesses are “finished thicknesses”.
Wood floors, block
(including mastic)
Softwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 2.6 lb/ft2 (12.7 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 3.1 lb/ft2 (15.1 kg/m2)
Pitchpine
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.4 lb/ft2 (16.6 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 4.2 lb/ft2 (20.5 kg/m2)
Hardwood
0.875 in (22.2 mm) 3.6 lb/ft2 (17.6 kg/m2)
1.125 in (28.6 mm) 4.6 lb/ft2 (22.5 kg/m2)
Wood chipboard
Uniform
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 3 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
Three-layer boards
Light
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 1.5 lb/ft2 (7.3 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
Heavy
0.5 in (12.7 mm) 2 lb/ft2 (9.8 kg/m2)
0.75 in (19.1 mm) 3 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
32 © BSI 10-1999
Wood wool
Slabs, 36 lb/ft3 (576.7 kg/m3) per
1 in (25.4 mm) thick 3 lb/ft2 (14.6 kg/m2)
Zinc
Solid 446 lb/ft3 (7 144 kg/m3)
Sheet (BS 849)
0.025 in (No. 12 zinc gauge) 0.9 lb/ft2 (4.4 kg/m2)
0.031 in (No. 14 zinc gauge) 1.2 lb/ft2 (5.9 kg/m2)
0.041 in (No. 16 zinc gauge) 1.6 lb/ft2 (7.8 kg/m2)
NOTE For structural calculation in SI units, attention is drawn to NOTE 2 of the Foreword.
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 33
Appendix A Wire and sheet gauges
Standard wire gauges (SWG)
No. 7/0 6/0 5/0 4 /0 3/0 2/0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
in 0.500 0.464 0.432 0.400 0.372 0.348 0.324 0.300 0.276 0.252 0.232 0.212 0.192
mm 12.700 11.786 10.973 10.160 9.449 8.839 8.230 7.620 7.010 6.401 5.893 5.385 4.877
No. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
in 0.176 0.160 0.144 0.128 0.116 0.104 0.092 0.080 0.072 0.064 0.056 0.048 0.040
mm 4.470 4.064 3.658 3.251 2.946 2.642 2.337 2.032 1.829 1.626 1.422 1.219 1.016
No. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
in 0.036 0.032 0.028 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.018 0.0164 0.0148 0.0136 0.0124 0.0116 0.0108
mm 0.914 0.813 0.711 0.610 0.559 0.508 0.457 0.4166 0.3759 0.3454 0.3150 0.2946 0.2743
No. 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
in 0.0100 0.0092 0.0084 0.0076 0.0068 0.0060 0.0052 0.0048 0.0044 0.0040 0.0036 0.0032 0.0028
mm 0.2540 0.2337 0.2134 0.1930 0.1727 0.1524 0.1321 0.1219 0.1118 0.1016 0.0914 0.0813 0.0711
No. 46 47 48 49 50
in 0.0024 0.0020 0.0016 0.0012 0.0010 — — — — — — — —
mm 0.0610 0.0508 0.0406 0.0305 0.0254 — — — — — — — —
BS 648:1964
34 © BSI 10-1999
Birmingham gauges for hoops and sheets (BG)
No. 15/0 14/0 13/0 12/0 11/0 10/0 9/0 8/0 7/0 6/0
in 1.0 0.958 3 0.916 7 0.875 0 0.833 3 0.791 7 0.750 0.708 3 0.666 6 0.625
mm 25.40 24.34 23.28 22.22 21.17 20.11 19.05 17.99 16.93 15.875
No. 5/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 0 1 2 3 4 5
in 0.588 3 0.541 6 0.500 0.445 2 0.396 4 0.353 2 0.314 7 0.280 4 0.250 0.222 5
mm 14.943 13.757 12.700 11.308 10.068 8.971 7.993 7.122 6.35 5.651
No. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
in 0.198 1 0.176 4 0.157 0 0.139 8 0.125 0 0.111 3 0.099 1 0.088 2 0.078 5 0.069 9
mm 5.032 4.48 3.988 3.55 3.175 2.827 2.517 2.24 1.994 1.775
No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
in 0.062 5 0.055 6 0.049 5 0.044 0 0.039 2 0.034 9 0.031 25 0.027 82 0.024 76 0.022 04
mm 1.588 1.412 1.257 1.118 0.996 0.886 0.794 0.707 0.629 0.560
No. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
in 0.019 61 0.017 45 0.015 62 0.013 9 0.012 3 0.011 0 0.009 8 0.008 7 0.007 7 0.006 9
mm 0.498 0.443 2 0.396 9 0.353 1 0.312 4 0.279 4 0.248 9 0.221 0 0.195 6 0.175 3
No. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
in 0.006 1 0.005 4 0.004 8 0.004 3 0.003 86 0.003 43 0.003 06 0.002 72 0.002 42 0.002 15
mm 0.154 9 0.137 0.122 0.109 0.098 0.087 0.078 0.069 0.061 5 0.054 6
No. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
in 0.001 92 0.001 70 0.001 52 0.001 35 0.001 20 0.001 07 0.000 95 — — —
mm 0.048 8 0.043 2 0.038 6 0.034 3 0.030 5 0.027 2 0.024 1 — — —
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 35
Zinc gauges for zinc sheets
Zinc gauge Thickness Zinc gauge Thickness
No. in mm No. in mm
1 0.004 0.1016 13 0.028 0.7112
2 0.006 0.1524 14 0.031 0.7874
3 0.007 0.1778 15 0.036 0.9144
4 0.008 0.2032 16 0.041 1.0414
5 0.010 0.2540 17 0.046 1.1684
6 0.011 0.2794 18 0.051 1.2954
7 0.013 0.3302 19 0.057 1.4478
8 0.015 0.3810 20 0.063 1.6002
9 0.017 0.4318 21 0.070 1.7780
10 0.019 0.4826
11 0.022 0.5588
12 0.025 0.6350
BS 648:1964
36 © BSI 10-1999
Index
Page
Acoustic, fibre building board 7
Acoustic, fibre, wall tiling 30
Acoustic insulation, glass fibre 9
Acrylic domelights 25
Acrylic sheet, corrugated 24
Acrylic sheet, flat 24
Aerated concrete 5
Aerated concrete blockwork, walling 3
Aggregates
all-in 1
ballast 1
barytes 1
clinker 1
coarse 1
combined 1
expanded clay 1
fine 1
foamed slag 1
heavyweight 1
ilmenite 1
lightweight 1
magnetite 1
natural 1
normal weight 1
sand 1
sintered pulverized-fuel ash 1
steel shot 1
“All-in” ballast aggregates 1
Aluminium
cast 1
wrought forms 1
sheet, corrugated 1
sheet, flat 1
Aluminium faced plywood 12
Aluminium gutters 8, 9
Aluminium pipes, rainwater 22
Armoured plate glass 8
Asbestos
felt 1
fibres, sprayed 1
Asbestos based bitumen damp-proof
courses 2
Asbestos base and lead bitumen damp-proof courses 2
Asbestos base, bitumen, roofing felts
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 3
self-finished 3
Asbestos cement
sheeting, corrugated 2
sheeting, flat 2
wallboard 2
Asbestos cement gutters 9
Asbestos cement pipes 14, 15
Page
Asphalt
damp-proofing 2
flooring 2
footpaths 2
roads 2
roofing 2
Asphalt floor tiling 29
Ballast, “all-in” aggregate 1
Ballast and stone aggregate concrete
blockwork 4
Barium sulphate plaster 23
Barytes, aggregate 1
Barytes, concrete 6
Bath stonework 27
Battenboard 4
Battens, slating and tiling 2
Birmingham gauges 33
Bitumen based, hardboard faced, floor
tiling 29
Bitumen damp-proof courses
asbestos based 2
asbestos base and lead 2
fibre felt 2
fibre felt and lead 2
hessian base 2
hessian base and lead 2
Bitumen roofing felts, asbestos base
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 2
self-finished 3
Bitumen roofing felts, fibre base
coated and sanded bitumen 3
mineral surfaced bitumen 3
reinforced bitumen 3
sanded bitumen 2
sanded fluxed pitch 3
saturated bitumen 2
saturated fluxed pitch 3
self-finished bitumen 3
Bitumen roofing felts, glass fibre base
mineral surfaced 3
Bitumen roofing felts, impregnated
flax, black
sarking 3
sheathing 3
Bitumen roofing felt, impregnated flax,
brown
inodorous 3
sheathing 3
Bitumen roofing felt, impregnated hair
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 37
Page
Black sarking, impregnated flax,
bitumen roofing felt 3
Black sheathing, impregnated flax,
bitumen roofing felt 3
Black sheathing, impregnated hair,
bitumen roofing felt 3
Blockboard 4
Blocks, glass, hollow 8
Blockwork, walling, clay
hollow 3
perforated 4
Blockwork, walling, concrete
aerated 4
ballast and stone aggregate 4
cellular 4
diatomaceous earth 4
hollow 4
lightweight aggregate 4
organic aggregate 4
solid 4
Board, cork 6
Board, laminated 4
Boards, fibre, building
acoustic 7
hardboard 7
insulating 7
laminated 7
Boarding, weather 31
Brass 4
Brass pipes 22, 23
Brick aggregate concrete 5
Brickwork, clay
perforated 5
solid 5
Brickwork, concrete 5
Brickwork, lightweight/flue, diatomaceous earth 5
Brickwork, calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime) 5
Bronze, phosphor, wrought 5
Brown bituminous, impregnated hair, bitumen
roofing felt 3
Building board, fibre
acoustic 7
hardboard 7
insulating 7
laminated 7
Burma teak 30
Calcium silicate (sandlime and flintlime) brickwork 5
Carpet 5
Cast aluminium 1
Cast copper 6
Cast glass 8
Cast iron 11
Cast iron gutters 9
Cast iron pavement lights, glazed 13
Cast iron pipes 13, 14
Page
Cast lead 11
Cast magnesium alloys 12
Cast steel 27
Cast stone 5
Cedar wood shingles 26
Cellulose acetate, flat sheet 24
Cellular blockwork, walling, concrete 4
Cellular rubber 26
Cellulose acetate sheet 24
Cement 5
Cement, Portland, rendering 25
Cement, Portland, screeding 26
Chipboard, wood
three-layer 31
uniform 31
Clay blocks, hollow, floors 7
Clay, blockwork, walling
hollow 3
perforated 4
Clay brickwork 5
Clay, expanded, aggregates 1
Clay lathing 11
Clay, pipes, salt-glazed 21
Clay tiling, roof 29
Clay tiling, wall 30
Clay tiling, floor 29
Clinker aggregates 1
Coarse aggregates 1
Coated and sanded, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Combined aggregates 1
Compressed cork floor tiling 29
Compressed straw slab 28
Concrete
aerated 5
barytes 6
brick aggregate 5
diatomaceous earth 6
heavyweight aggregates 6
ilmenite 6
lightweight aggregates 5
magnetite 6
natural aggregates 5
no-fines 6
organic aggregate 6
steel shot 6
Concrete, blockwork, walling
aerated 4
ballast and stone aggregate 4
cellular 4
diatomaceous earth 4
hollow 4
lightweight aggregate 4
organic aggregate 4
solid 4
Concrete, brickwork 5
Concrete flagstones 7
BS 648:1964
38 © BSI 10-1999
Page
Concrete floor tiling 29
Concrete gutters, precast 11
Concrete pipes 21
Concrete, reinforced 25
Concrete, reinforced, pavement lights, glazed 13
Concrete reinforcement, expanded
metal, steel 6
Concrete tiling, floor 29
Concrete tiling, roof 29, 30
Concrete units, hollow, floors 8
Copper
cast 6
sheet and strip 6
wrought 6
Copper pipes 15
Cork
board 6
flooring 6
granular 6
Cork, compressed, floor tiling 29
Cornish granite stonework 28
Cornish slating 26
Corrugated aluminium sheet 1
Corrugated asbestos cement sheeting 2
Corrugated plastics sheet
acrylic 24
glass-fibre reinforced polyester 24
PVC 24
Corrugated steel sheet 27
Crude vermiculite 30
Damp-proof course, plastics, polythene 25
Damp-proof courses, bitumen 2
Damp-proofing, asphalt 2
Darley Dale stonework 34
Diatomaceous earth concrete 6
Diatomaceous earth concrete
blockwork, lightweight/flue brickwork 5
Domelights, plastics 25
Douglas fir 30
Drain pipes 14, 20, 21
Ebonite, expanded 26
Eelgrass quilt 25
Exfoliated vermiculite 30
Expanded clay aggregates 1
Expanded ebonite 26
Expanded metal, steel
concrete reinforcement 6
general purposes 7
lathing 11
plastering 7
Expanded plastics
polystyrene 24
PVC 24
Expanded rubber 26
Page
Fabric, steel 27
Felspar, thermal capacity roof covering 29
Felt, asbestos 1
Felt, roofing, bitumen, asbestos base
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 3
self-finished 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, fibre base
coated and sanded 3
mineral surfaced 3
sanded 2
sanded fluxed pitch 3
saturated 2
saturated fluxed pitch 3
self-finished 3
reinforced 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, glass fibre base, mineral surfaced 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, impregnated
flax, black
sarking 3
sheating 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, impregnated
flax, brown
inodorous 3
sheathing 3
Felt, roofing, bitumen, impregnated
hair
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
Felt, insulating 7
Fibre, acoustic, wall tiling 36
Fibre, building board
acoustic 7
hardboard 7
laminated 7
insulating 7
Fibre felt and lead, bitumen damp-proof course 2
Fibre felt, bitumen damp-proof course 2
Fibre, glass
acoustic insulation 9
formboard 9
roof board 9
slab 9
thermal insulation 9
Fibre, glass, reinforced polyester sheet, corrugated 24
Fibre, glass, quilt 25
Fibres, sprayed, asbestos 1
Fine aggregates 1
Fir, Douglas 30
Flagstones
concrete 7
natural stone 7
Flexible PVC flooring 24
Flintlime brickwork 5
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 39
Page
Floors
hollow clay blocks 7
hollow concrete units 8
Floors, wood
block 31
hardwood 31
pitchpine 31
softwood 31
strip 31
Floor tiling
asphalt 29
clay 29
concrete 29
cork, compressed 29
hardboard faced, bitumen based 29
PVC, flexible 29
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
Flooring, asphalt 1, 29
Flooring, cork 6, 29
Flooring, pitchmastic 23
Flooring, plastics 24
flexible PVC 24
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos tiles 24
Flooring, rubber
latex-hydraulic cement sheet tiles 25
sheet 25
tiles 25
Flue lightweight, brickwork diatomaceous earth 5
Flue pipes 14
Fluxed pitch roofing felts, fibre base
saturated 3
sanded 3
Foamed plastics
phenolic resin 25
polystyrene 25
polyurethane 25
Foamed slag aggregates 1
Footpaths, asphalt 2
Footpaths, tarmacadam 28
Formboard, glass fibre 9
Galvanized steel faced plywood 13
Gauges
Birmingham 38
Standard wire 33
Zinc 34
Glass 8
armoured plate 8
cast 8
plate 8
sheet 8
wired cast 8
Glass blocks, hollow 8
Glass fibre
acoustic insulation 9
formboard 9
Page
roof board 9
slab 9
thermal insulation 9
Glass fibre base, bitumen roofing felts,
mineral surfaced 3
Glass fibre quilt 25
Glass fibre reinforced polyester sheet,
corrugated 24
Glazed pavement lights 13
Glazing, patent
aluminium bars 9
lead covered steel bars 9
Granite stonework 28
Granular cork 12
Gravels 26
Guernsey granite stonework 28
Gunmetal 9
Gutters
aluminium 10, 11
asbestos cement 9
cast iron 9
plastics 10
precast concrete 11
Gypsum panels and partitions 11
Gypsum plaster 23
Gypsum plasterboard 24
Hair, impregnated, bitumen roofing
felt
black sheathing 3
brown bitumen 3
Hair quilt 25
Hardboard faced, bitumen based floor
tiling 29
Hardboard, fibre building 7
Hardwood floors
block 31
strip 31
Hardwoods 30
Heavyweight aggregates 1
Heavyweight aggregate concrete 6
Hessian base and lead bitumen damp-proof course 2
Hessian base bitumen damp-proof course 2
Hollow blockwork
clay 4
concrete 5
Hollow clay block floors 7
Hollow concrete unit floors 8
Hollow glass blocks 8
Hydraulic lime plaster 29
Ilmenite aggregates 1
Ilmenite concrete 6
Impregnated flax, bitumen roofing felts
black roofing 3
black sheathing 3
BS 648:1964
40 © BSI 10-1999
Page
brown inodorous 3
brown sheathing 3
sarking 3
Impregnated hair, bitumen roofing felt
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
Inodorous, brown, impregnated flax, bitumen roofing felt 3
Insulating boards, fibre building 7
Insulating felt 7
Iron
cast 11
wrought 11
Kapok quilt 25
Laminated board 4
Laminated, fibre building 7
Laminboard 4
Lath, perforated, gypsum plasterboard 24
Lathing
clay 11
expanded metal, steel 11
ribbed perforated metal sheet 11
wood 11
Latex hydraulic cement flooring 25
Lead, cast 11
Lead pipes 18, 20
Lead, sheet 11
Lightweight aggregates 1
Lightweight aggregates concrete 5
Lightweight aggregates concrete block-work 4
Lightweight flue, diatomaceous earth, brickwork 5
Lightweight plaster 29
Lime plaster 23
Limestone, stonework 27, 28
Linoleum 12
Magnesium alloys
cast 12
sheet 12
wrought 12
Magnesium oxychloride 12
Magnetite aggregates 1
Magnetite concrete 6
Mansfield red stonework 28
Maple 30
Marble stonework 28
Metal, expanded, steel
concrete reinforcement 6
general purposes 7
plastering 7
Metal faced plywood 12
Mild steel 27
Mild steel sheet
corrugated 27
flat 27
Page
Mineral surfaced, asbestos base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Mineral surfaced, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Mineral surfaced, glass fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Mineral wool quilt 25
Natural aggregates 1
Natural aggregates concrete 5
No-fines concrete 6
Normal weight aggregates 1
Oak 30
Organic aggregates concrete 6
Organic aggregates concrete block-work 4
Oxychloride, magnesium 12
Panels, gypsum 11
Partitions, gypsum 11
Partitions, terrazzo 25
Pavement lights, glazed 13
Paving, terrazzo 28
Patent glazing
aluminium bars 9
lead-covered steel bars 9
Peat organic aggregate concrete block-work, walling 4
Perforated blockwork, clay 4
Perforated brickwork, clay 5
Perforated lath, gypsum plasterboard 24
Perlite aggregate plaster 23
Peterhead granite stonework 28
Phenolic resin, foamed 25
Phosphor bronze, wrought 5
Pine 30
Pipes
asbestos cement 14
aluminium 22
brass 22, 23
cast iron 13, 14
clay, salt-glazed 21
concrete 21
copper 15
drain 14, 14, 20, 21
flue 14
gas 15, 20
lead 20
pitch fibre 20
plastics 16, 17, 18
polythene 16, 17, 18
pressure 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23
PVC 18
rainwater 13, 14, 18, 20, 22
sewer 14, 20, 21
smoke 13
soil 13, 14, 15, 20
steel 16
ventilating 13, 14, 15, 20
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 41
Page
waste 13, 14, 16, 20
water 15, 16, 17, 19
Pitch fibre pipes 20
Pitchmastic flooring 23
Pitchpine, longleaf dense 30
Pitchpine floors
block 31
strip 31
Plaster
barium sulphate 23
gypsum 23
lightweight 23
lime 23
perlite aggregate 23
vermiculite aggregate 23
Plasterboard, gypsum 24
Plastics
corrugated 24
damp-proof course 25
domelights 25
expanded 24
flooring 24
foamed 25
sheet, flat 24
tiles 24
Plastics gutters 10
Plastics pipes 16, 17, 18
Plastics, tiling, floor
PVC flexible 29
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
Plastics, tiling, wall
polystyrene 30
PVC 30
Plate glass 8
Plywood 25
metal faced, aluminium 12
metal faced, steel, galvanized 13
Polystyrene
expanded 24
foamed 25
Polystyrene tiling, wall 30
Polythene pipes 16, 17
Polyurethane foamed 25
Portland cement rendering 25
Portland cement screeding 26
Portland stonework 28
Precast concrete gutters 11
Protected steel
corrugated 27
flat 27
PVC expanded 26
PVC flooring, flexible 26
PVC flooring (vinyl), asbestos tiles 26
PVC pipes 18
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos tiles 26
PVC tiling, wall 30
Page
Quilt
eelgrass 25
glass fibre 9
hair 25
kapok 25
mineral wool 25
Rainwater pipes 12, 13, 17, 20, 22
Reed thatching 29
Reinforced concrete 25
Reinforced concrete pavement lights, glazed 13
Reinforced concrete pipes 21
Reinforced, fibre based, bitumen roofing felt 3
Reinforcement, concrete, expanded metal, steel 6
Rendering, Portland cement 25
Ribbed perforated metal sheet lathing 11
Roads, asphalt 2
Roads, tarmacadam 28
Roof board, glass fibre 9
Roof tiling
clay 29
concrete 29, 30
Roofing, asphalt 2
Roofing felt, bitumen, asbestos base
mineral surfaced 3
saturated 2
self-finished 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, fibre base
coated and sanded 3
mineral surfaced 3
reinforces 3
sanded 3
sanded fluxed pitch 3
saturated 3
saturated fluxed pitch 2
self-finished 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, glass fibre base 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, impregnated
flax, black
sarking 3
sheathing 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, impregnated
flax, brown
inodorous 3
sheathing 3
Roofing felt, bitumen, impregnated
hair 3
black sheathing 3
brown bituminous 3
Rubber
cellular 26
expanded 26
Rubber flooring
latex-hydraulic cement 25
sheet 25
tiles 25
BS 648:1964
42 © BSI 10-1999
Page
Salt-glazed clay pipes 21
Sand 1
Sands 26
Sand lime brickwork 5
Sanded, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 2
Sanded fluxed pitch, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Sandstone work 28
Sarking, black, impregnated flax, bitumen roofing felt
bitumen roofing felt 3
Saturated, asbestos base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Saturated, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 2
Saturated fluxed pitch, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Sawdust organic aggregate, concrete
blockwork, walling 4
Screeding, Portland cement 26
Self-finished, asbestos base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Self-finished, fibre base, bitumen roofing felt 3
Sewer pipes 14, 20, 21
Sheathing, black, impregnated flax, bitumen
roofing felt 3
Sheathing, brown, impregnated flax, bitumen
roofing felt 3
Sheet, aluminium, corrugated 1
Sheet, aluminium, flat 1
Sheet copper 6
Sheet, glass 8
Sheet gauges
Birmingham 33
Standard wire 33
Zinc 34
Sheet, lead 11
Sheet, magnesium alloys 12
Sheet, rubber, flooring 25
Sheet steel
corrugated 27
flat 27
Sheeting, asbestos cement, corrugated 2
Sheeting, asbestos cement, flat 2
Shingle, thermal capacity roof covering 29
Shingles, ceder wood 26
Shot, steel, aggregates 1
Shot, steel, concrete 6
Silts 27
Sintered pulverized-fuel ash aggregates 1
Slab, glass fibre 9
Slab, slate 26
Slab, straw, compressed 28
Slabs, wood wool 32
Slag, foamed, aggregates 1
Slate aggregate concrete blockwork, walling 4
Slate slab 26
Slating
Cornish 26
Welsh 26
Westmorland 26
Slating battens 2
Page
Softwood floors 31
block 31
strip 31
Softwoods 30
Soil and waste ventilating pipes 13, 14, 16, 20
Soil pipes 13, 14, 20
Soils 26, 27
Sprayed asbestos fibres 1
Spruce 30
Standard wire gauges 33
Steel
cast 27
mild 27
protected, corrugated 27
protected, flat 27
sheet, corrugated 27
sheet, flat 27
Steel, expanded metal 6
concrete reinforcement 6
general purposes 7
plastering 7
Steel fabric 27
Steel faced plywood 13
Steel pipes 16
Steel shot aggregates 1
Steel shot, concrete 6
Stone aggregate concrete blockwork, walling 4
Stone, cast 5
Stonework
Bath 27
Cornish granite 28
Darley Dale 28
granite 28
Guernsey granite 28
limestone 28
Mansfield red 28
marble 28
Peterhead granite 28
Portland 28
sandstone 28
Woolton 28
Straw slab, compressed 28
Strip copper 6
Synthetic resin bonded paper, sheet 24
Tarmacadam, roads and footpaths 28
Teak, Burma 30
Terracotta 28
Terrazzo
partitions 28
paving 28
tiles 28
Thatching, reed 29
Thermal capacity roof coverings, shingle and felspar 29
Thermal insulation, glass fibre 9
Tiles, PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
BS 648:1964
© BSI 10-1999 43
Page
Tiles, rubber, flooring 25
Tiles, terrazzo 28
Tiling battens 2
Tiling, floor
asphalt 29
clay 29
concrete 29
cork, compressed 29
hardboard faced, bitumen based 29
PVC, flexible 29
PVC (Vinyl) asbestos 29
Tiling, roof
clay 29
concrete 29, 30
Tiling, wall
clay 30
fibre, acoustic 30
plastics 30
polystyrene 30
PVC 30
Timber
Burma teak 30
Douglas fir 30
fir, Douglas 30
hardwoods 30
maple 30
oak 30
pine 30
pitchpine, longleaf dense 30
softwoods 30
spruce 30
teak, Burma 30
Unreinforced concrete pipes 21
Ventilating pipes 13, 14, 16, 20
Vermiculite
crude 30
exfoliated 30
Vermiculite aggregate plaster 23
Wall tiling
clay 30
fibre, acoustic 30
Page
plastics 30
polystyrene 30
PVC 30
Wallboard, asbestos cement 2
Waste pipes 13, 14, 16, 20
Water 30, 31
Weather boarding 31
Welsh slating 26
Westmorland slating 26
Wire and sheet gauges
Birmingham 33
Standard 33
Zinc 34
Wired cast glass 8
Wood chipboard
three-layer 31
uniform 31
Wood floors, block
hardwood 31
pitchpine 31
softwood 31
Wood floors, strip
hardwood 31
pitchpine 31
softwood 31
Wood lathing 11
Wood shingles, cedar 26
Wood wool slabs 32
Woolton stonework 28
Wrought aluminium 1
Wrought copper 6
Wrought iron 11
Wrought magnesium alloys 12
Wrought phosphor bronze 5
Zinc
gauges 34
sheet 32
solid 32
BS 648:1964
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